Pharmaceutical Companies Stand in the Way of Treatment Essay -- Drug I

Pharmaceutical Companies Stand in the Way of Treatment Unique This casebook focuses on the negative impacts that the pharmaceutical industry’s exchange and creation arrangements have on underdeveloped countries experiencing infection pestilences. My position is that pharmaceutical organizations are not worried about the medical advantages of their medications, yet rather with the market that their medications produce. I show this thought by portraying the exchange strategies that pharmaceutical organizations impact and the pharmaceutical companies’ creation approaches which focus on delivering way of life tranquilizes as opposed to drugs that fix dangerous illnesses. Worldwide pharmaceutical goliaths are busy with delivering drugs that return the most benefits as opposed to with creating medications to fix perilous sicknesses. Despite the fact that numerous individuals in underdeveloped nations experience the ill effects of reparable or treatable irresistible ailments, for example, intestinal sickness and tuberculosis, huge numbers of them abandon treatment on the grounds that the immunizations that fix these maladies are either unreasonably costly for them to manage the cost of or they are not delivered in adequate amounts. To outline the down-creation of important life-continuing medications is the way that â€Å"between 1975 and 1999, 1,393 new medications were promoted, out of which just 16 were for ignored maladies that represented over 10% of the infections in the World† (Mã ©decins Sans Frontiã ¨res). The Mã ©decins Sans Frontiã ¨res (otherwise called Doctors Without Borders or MSF) is a non-benefit association that has contribu ted a lot of help and exertion in easing populaces experiencing endemic infections and disregard. Since it is a non-benefit association and its objectives are absolutely target and philanthropic, the Mã ©decins Sans Frontiã ¨res organization... ... Times. 16 November 2001. 28 January 2004. - Ford, Nathan. Medication Development for Neglected Diseases: A Deficient Market and General Health Policy. The Lancet. 359 (2002): 2188-94 - Martorell, Jordi. Medications organizations putting benefits before a huge number of individuals' lives. Youth for International Socialism. 26 March 2001. - Silverside, Ann. No Turning Back on Cheap Drugs for Poor Nations. Canadian Clinical Journal. 169 (2003): 1067. - Silverstein, Ken. Millions for Viagra, Pennies for the Poor. The Nation. 7 July 1999. 10 February 2004. - WTO Takes First Step. The Lancet. 362 (2003): 753 Pharmaceutical Companies Stand in the Way of Treatment Essay - Drug I Pharmaceutical Companies Stand in the Way of Treatment Theoretical This casebook focuses on the negative impacts that the pharmaceutical industry’s exchange and creation approaches have on underdeveloped countries experiencing illness pestilences. My position is that pharmaceutical organizations are not worried about the medical advantages of their medications, yet rather with the market that their medications produce. I represent this idea by depicting the exchange arrangements that pharmaceutical organizations impact and the pharmaceutical companies’ creation strategies which focus on delivering way of life sedates instead of medications that fix perilous sicknesses. Global pharmaceutical mammoths are busy with delivering drugs that return the most benefits as opposed to with creating medications to fix dangerous maladies. Despite the fact that numerous individuals in underdeveloped nations experience the ill effects of reparable or treatable irresistible illnesses, for example, jungle fever and tuberculosis, a considerable lot of them abandon treatment in light of the fact that the antibodies that fix these maladies are either unreasonably costly for them to bear the cost of or they are not delivered in adequate amounts. To show the down-creation of vital life-supporting medications is the way that â€Å"between 1975 and 1999, 1,393 new medications were advertised, out of which just 16 were for ignored sicknesses that represented over 10% of the illnesses in the World† (Mã ©decins Sans Frontiã ¨res). The Mã ©decins Sans Frontiã ¨res (otherwise called Doctors Without Borders or MSF) is a non-benefit association that has contributed a l ot of help and exertion in easing populaces experiencing endemic infections and disregard. Since it is a non-benefit association and its objectives are absolutely target and philanthropic, the Mã ©decins Sans Frontiã ¨res organization... ... Times. 16 November 2001. 28 January 2004. - Ford, Nathan. Medication Development for Neglected Diseases: A Deficient Market and General Health Policy. The Lancet. 359 (2002): 2188-94 - Martorell, Jordi. Medications organizations putting benefits before a large number of individuals' lives. Youth for International Socialism. 26 March 2001. - Silverside, Ann. No Turning Back on Cheap Drugs for Poor Nations. Canadian Clinical Journal. 169 (2003): 1067. - Silverstein, Ken. Millions for Viagra, Pennies for the Poor. The Nation. 7 July 1999. 10 February 2004. - WTO Takes First Step. The Lancet. 362 (2003): 753

Design lead project management Thesis Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Configuration lead venture the executives - Thesis Example Also, in most recent two decades, the calling that surfaces with development and advancement. This calling has been cracked into many sub claims to fame. These include: land representatives, inside originators, metropolitan expediters, development administrators and on location review suppliers. I accept today’s planner must have the option to perform a large portion of the above administrations in house or make a group to meet the customer needs. Anyway the focal obligation of an engineer continues as before, which he is performing ceaselessly through the ages. When the landowners looked to the draftsman as the ‘Master Builder’, liable for the choice of the structure site, stylish appearance, development method, material qualities, bureaucratic authority and cost control. Today landowners, business pioneers engineers despite everything request similar characteristics from the compositional calling. Numerous customers have gain trust in the callings capacity to il luminate complex development issues. Accordingly, numerous customers search out people ready to offer these types of assistance, which keep on being fundamental in the effective fulfillment of a development venture. Most customers have made progress by taking a proactive example in their own organizations and reserve the option to request the equivalent from their modeler, just as dominance in aptitudes of controlling the plan and development process. Today, we as a whole are blessed to have a couple of guides in places of administration, for example, venture chiefs who is attempting to reestablish people groups trust in the calling by repeating state law that the draftsman is the individual at last liable for the assembled condition, along these lines, permitting the designer more authority over the procedure. To accomplish effective fruition of a development venture the customer looks to their modeler to build up the tasks program, manage and get ready development reports, and ability and when to suggest, search out, and compose a group of

A Short Guide to Writing a Good Biology Lab Report

A Short Guide to Writing a Good Biology Lab Report Students who study biology in college often have to conduct experiments and complete lots of lab reports that might be quite challenging and rather overwhelming. The purpose of writing a biology lab report is to learn to document experiment procedures and share the results of the conducted experiments and their interpretation. You have to learn to communicate your own understanding of the experimentation process. You can also write about your experiment’s limitations or applications of your tests. Usually, you have to write all this information in your biology lab notebook in an organized way that means your task is writing a formal lab report for biology using a specific format. Here you will find a general short guide on writing a biology lab report. A general lab report format usually includes the following sections: Title page Introduction Materials and Methods/Procedures Results/Data Discussion/Conclusion References You can use this general format for a lab report if your instructor has not given you a specific template or you need an explanation what to include in each section. The biology lab report title page (APA) should include a concise title, student’s name, university, due date, course number, student number, and instructor’s name. When writing a lab report introduction for biology, you should set the scene for work by giving the background information and defining special terms. The introduction should include information about the purpose of the experiment, the problem statement, and the hypothesis. The materials and procedures section should include a full list of all materials and supplies that were used in the experiment. You should also provide a detailed step-by-step description of what you did in your experiment so that someone else could repeat it. Describe what variables and measurement techniques you have used. The results section should include all data that were collected during the experiment and presented in the form of observations, data tables, graphs, charts. You should label all tables, graphs, and charts and include a legend if you need it. The discussion/conclusion section is used to explain whether you accepted or rejected your hypothesis taking into account the data from the lab. When writing a biology report conclusion, you should summarize the key information to help your audience understand your results. You should discuss what your findings mean and what caused experimental errors. Very often your lab report should include the abstract which gives a short overview of the whole lab report. It is one paragraph long and includes information about the background and the purpose of your experiment, your hypothesis and a brief summary of the procedures and results, and a concluding statement. You should always write your abstract last after you have completed your lab report. The references section should list all references that were cited in your lab report. Follow these general writing tips on writing lab reports: Your lab report should be clear and concise. You should avoid elaborate vocabulary and long sentences because short sentences are easier to understand. Make sure that you write at a level appropriate to your audience. All sections of your lab report should be written in the correct sequence. Use past tense when writing materials and methods section. You should use an impersonal style that means writing in passive voice and using the third person. You should write objectively and present only facts and figures. Avoid emotions, bias, and subjective writing. Avoid using colloquialisms and use formal language and scientific terminology. Use tables, charts, figures to illustrate results of your experiment. Use abbreviations to make your writing flow but always give the term in full form when you use it for the first time in your lab report and include the abbreviations in brackets after it. Always check your writing for spelling, punctuation or grammar errors which make your report difficult to understand. Besides, grammar and spelling mistakes may lower your mark. Why Do You Need a Good Lab Report Example in Biology for College? As you see, writing a scientific report for biology differs significantly from writing college papers for other classes like English, philosophy or history. College lab reports in biology should follow the formats that are used in scholarly journals. It’s very important for you to understand that a good report should always have a proper format because scientific works are useless if their results cannot be communicated to other scientists. Your college lab reports are usually graded for content, spelling, grammar, and formatting. Writing a good lab report is time-consuming and you should strictly follow the direction provided by your instructor. If you have never written biology lab reports before, you may face some difficulties and feel that you need a template you could follow when writing your own reports. The best thing you can do to understand how to write a biology lab report is to order a custom written report on our professional writing service. Our qualified writers can provide you with perfect samples that will help you succeed in college.

Speech On Marijuana Legalization - 972 Words

EXTEMPORANEOUS SPEECH MARIJUANA LEGALIZATION I dont use any illegal drugs, but I am opposed to the fact that marijuana is illegal. The main reason for that is that smoking marijuana is no more dangerous to the user than smoking cigarettes and no more dangerous to society than alcohol consumption. Yes, there are necessary limits to individual freedoms. Yes, marijuana should be regulated by the government and restricted from consumption by children. Yes, marijuana may be somewhat harmful to the user. But there is no logical justification for criminalizing marijuana while the use of other drugs with virtually identical risks is entirely permissible. Government has a legitimate concern to exercise its authority to protect society and the general public from behavior of individuals and government also has a limited right to exercise paternalistic authority to limit and regulate the types of risks to which individuals can expose themselves. For that reason, laws that criminalize drunk driv ing, for just one example, are completely justified. Otherwise, irresponsible personal behavior could put innocent people at great risk. Government also has the justifiable right to impose certain reasonable restriction on individuals for the general benefit of society and because certain types of personal risks can have significant costs to society. For example, the government can require car manufacturers to install seatbelts and require drivers to wear them because vehicularShow MoreRelatedSpeech on Marijuana Legalization1123 Words   |  5 Pages in the USA is that of the legalization of marijuana. This controversial topic is on the minds of our entire country. Whether or not to legalize marijuana has been a nation wide debate for years. In this informative speech I will be discussing only facts and opinions. Opinions and facts will come from organizations such as The National Organization for the Reform of Marijuana Laws, Marijuana Legalization Organization and the Drug Policy Alliance. Marijuana Legalization is an issue because there areRead MoreEssay on Speech on Legalization of Marijuana in Brazil870 Words à ‚  |  4 PagesSpeech on Legalization of Marijuana in Brazil Good morning class mates. Today I am going to discuss the legalization of marijuana in Brazil. I strongly believe marijuana should be legalized. I am not here to encourage anyone to use or not use marijuana. Yet I do believe that many current problems may and can be solved by its legalization. Marijuana is the most popular drug in Brazil after tobacco and alcohol. Discrimination is the reason why marijuana has stillRead MorePersuasive Essay - Persuasive Outline1380 Words   |  6 Pagestwenty years, the reputation of marijuana has evolved and possibly in the best way. People’s opinions have shifted from seeing the hemp plant as a drug with no use other than a temporary high, to a plant that could possibly be the definition of versatile. II. Motivation for listening: Did you know that currently 25 states and D.C have legalized marijuana for medicinal use? Yes a 50%. I believe that society to some extent has played a key role in accepting marijuana in a medicinal way. As the generationRead MoreEssay on Legalizing Marijuana-Persuasive Outline941 Words   |  4 PagesBilly Bob Joe Good Example Persuasive Speech Outline Purpose: To persuade my audience to: support the legalization of marijuana, because of it being able to provide many medical as well as economic benefits for the United States if legalized. Thesis Statement: Marijuana has been regarded as a harmful plant that can endanger lives and is thought to be nothing more than an extra problem to be dealt with in today’s society. However, based on its economic value and medical benefits, theRead MoreWeed Be Better Off Without Marijuana1728 Words   |  7 PagesBetter Off Without Marijuana Dope, Mary Jane, Pot, Grass, Weed, Blunt, Joint, and Nuggets are only a few of the countless names for marijuana, a narcotic drug used for recreational and sometimes medicinal uses across the world. Recently growing enough popularity among younger generations due to the glamorization of media, and the overwhelming financial gains through taxes and fees seen in Colorado, have caused Ohio legislators and citizens to consider the idea of legalizing marijuana for both recreationalRead MoreDifferences and Similarities in the Arguments for Legalizing Marijuana1302 Words   |  6 PagesLegalizing Marijuana The legalization of marijuana has become a mainstream issue that the nation has become highly concerned about in recent years. Lately more and more conservative opposers have begun to change their minds, realizing the benefits of marijuana. Debate followers go as far as saying that it is no longer a question of if marijuana will be legalized, but when. The shift in viewpoints is due to the increasing awareness of some of the positive effects legalizing marijuana could have Read MoreShould Marijuana Be Legalized?1617 Words   |  7 Pages1113 2 December 2014 Legalization of marijuana According to Wikipedia, marijuana is a name for cannabis plant and a drug preparation made from it. Commonly it is named as cannabis, bud or weed, pot or ganja. I have found marijuana to be one of the most controversial things in United States. Not necessarily is marijuana controversial, the views related with the legalization of this thing are truly dubious. It is true that different persons haveRead MoreEssay Astonishing Statistics of Marijuana Use in Minors1539 Words   |  7 Pagesmillion Americans ages 12 and over have reported to using marijuana at least once within the previous year. That number alone is an astonishing statistic on marijuana users. Although marijuana has been a drug with increasing popularity especially throughout the past couple of years due to the legalization in some states. In November of 2012 history was made when Washington and Colorado both legalized marijuana for recreational use. Although marijuana is considered to be a Schedule 1 drug, which me ans itRead MoreMarijuana Should be Legalized Essays1357 Words   |  6 Pagesthe past few years. Marijuana has been illegal since the early 1900’s, but lately scientists have figured out that there are some uses of marijuana that could benefit people in need, people who are sick of deadly diseases such as aids, multiple sclerosis, and cancer. These are all diseases that are hard for anyone to go through, especially without aid that helps the pain and misery from ceasing. Prohibiting marijuana has just made things worse, by increasing the price of marijuana, the illegal usageRead MoreLegalizing Marijuana For Recreational Use1362 Words   |  6 Pageslegalize marijuana for recreational use. Similar to the age limitation set for buying and consuming alcohol and smoking of tobacco products, Colorado has set the age limit for recreational use for adults who are at least twenty-one years of age and over to use an ounce of this drug. According to the drugabuse.gov website, the dru g marijuana is defined as a greenish-gray mixture of the dried, shredded leaves and flowers of Cannabis sativa—the hemp plant. After two years of legalizing marijuana, Colorado

The Lewis And Clark Expedition - 1415 Words

Captain Meriwether Lewis and William Clark put their lives on the line only to return with information regarding the Pacific Northwest of the United States territory. Their reasons behind this journey, being to expand the United States to the West, involved the entire nation but debatably, their accomplishments and the reaction of others became a major part of today’s history. The foremost reason behind the Lewis and Clark expedition was all based on Thomas Jefferson’s, president at the time, interest in expanding the West since before the 1803 Louisiana Purchase in France. Even as a child, Jefferson was always curious and interested. Jefferson believed that if he could enlarge the United States to the West it would be guaranteed that the United States would survive and would have a stronger government. Thomas Jefferson had chosen various candidates to send to explore to the West, due to him being busy being the president. Each candidate Jefferson chose, did not seem to be fit for the job. In around 1802, Jefferson read a book on Alexander Mackenzie who previous traveled from Canada to the Pacific Ocean and then back. After reading the book he told his personal secretary, Meriwether Lewis, about the book and Mackenzie’s accomplishments. Lewis decided to take the challenge of following the footsteps of Alexander Mackenzie and make that same journey. Thomas Jefferson sent Lewis to Philadelphia to be tutored and taught to survive during the journey. Lewis then hand-pickedShow MoreRelatedThe Lewis And Clark Expedition1333 Words   |  6 PagesMeriwether Lewis. Lewis turned for assistance and invited the U.S soldier and experienced outdoorsman, William Clark, to share command of this legendary expedition. The explorers marched to the unexpected challenges and experiences that laid within the unfamiliar land. Their contributions to the extraordinary expedition provided valuable information regarding the topography and ecology the Louisiana terri tory had to offer. Appointed for the Position The Lewis and Clark Expedition coveredRead MoreLewis and Clark Expedition1018 Words   |  4 PagesJames Jang William and Meriwether, better known as Lewis and Clark, were hired by the U.S. president Thomas Jefferson to explore the newly bought Louisiana Purchase. The Louisiana Purchase was bought from France in 1803. Lewis and Clark started their expedition in 1804 near St. Louis. The group of explorers called themselves the corps of discovery. In the first winter they were helped by a Shoshone Indian named Sacagawea. Their journey was full of trouble and challenges but in the end led to a greatRead MoreThe Expedition Of Lewis And Clark1270 Words   |  6 PagesWithout the expedition of Lewis and Clark, the American history that people know would be completely different changing the accomplishments in history. The background and experience Lewis and Clark already developed prior to the expedition would be very beneficial and help make the journey easier. The development of the mission played a key part in the expedition itself because if the development did not play out exactly how Jeffer son planned, then the expedition may not have been as successful.Read MoreThe Lewis And Clark Expedition1405 Words   |  6 Pages Sacajawea is a renowned Native American woman who played a significant role in the Lewis and Clark Expedition. As stated by Brown, â€Å"She turned to dreaming of the future, of what it might hold for Pomp (her son), as she had dreamed of what might lie ahead for her when she had learned she was to be going on the expedition. But it was no dream that she had become a part of history† (110). Although most of her history is unclear, one thing is definite - without the help of Sacajawea, the United StatesRead MoreThe Lewis And Clark Expedition1433 Words   |  6 PagesThe Lewis and Clark expedition was a truth that was to become the crowning accomplishment in the lifetime of the brilliant thinker, inventor, and founding father, Thomas Jefferson . It has become a profounding turning point throughout America’s history. Investigating the recen tly obtained Louisiana Territory, which nearly doubled the size of the country, arranged Jefferson the opportunity to widen the boundaries of the United States to include both the Atlantic and Pacific oceans. The threat of theRead MoreThe Lewis And Clark Expedition1424 Words   |  6 Pages On May 14, 1804 in the eastern city of Saint Louis, William Clark and Merry-weather Lewis set of on the westward adventure that would change America as we know it today. Their journey began on the Mississippi River, those rapids would propel Lewis and Clark into the Corps of Discovery. Across the vast land that these men would soon travel lived the many native-american tribes. The Native people hunted freely across their western lands, lived their life as one with the ground they so carefullyRead MoreThe Expedition of Lewis and Clark581 Words   |  2 PagesThis report is on Lewis and Clarks adventure through the United States. On May 14,1803 William Clark and nearly four dozen other men met up with Meriwether Lewis on May 20. The Lewis and Clark Expeditio,n The Corps of Discovery began making its way up the †¢. \\?\ \? Missouri on a †¢ss-toot-long ship and two smaller boats. As they traveled,Clark spent most of his time on the ship journaling the course and making maps. Lewis wa s often on the shore, studying the rock formations, soil,animalsRead MoreThe Expedition Of Lewis And Clark1522 Words   |  7 PagesMany people in America know of the historical expedition of Lewis and Clark, but only a few know of the expedition to California led by Jedediah Smith. This expedition took place after Thomas Jefferson signed the papers to acquire a huge region in the west through the Louisiana Purchase. After this expansion many people were eager to explore the west and among those was Jedediah Smith. From his childhood, Smith dreamed one day of exploring the unknown west part of the United States. He once saidRead MoreLewis And Clark Expedition : The Great Expedition2140 Words   |  9 Pages Lewis and Clark Expedition The Lewis and Clark expedition was amongst one of the first major American expeditions. This expedition helped the United States advance in science, land as well as gaining many valuable resources. The Lewis and Clark expedition is also an amazing American story. Lewis and Clark went through extraordinary situations to expedite Americas growth and science. They accomplished this expedition with strenuous encounters with the NativeRead MoreLewis and Clark Expedition Essay926 Words   |  4 PagesThis paper will explain why Lewis and Clark are two of the greatest explorers in American history. Some of the distinguishing factors of these explorers and the three main points in this paper are their exploration of the uncharted west by way of the Missouri river, the many discoveries made along the way, and the effect they had on the westward expansion of the United States. In January 1803, Thomas Jefferson sent a confidential message to Congress asking for approval and funding of the exploration

Nursing As A Science And Art - 1439 Words

Questions to answer How nursing considered as a science and an art and discuss how the philosophy of nursing is applied to this definition. There is no contention that nursing is considered both as a science and art based on the dispensation of services to the community and patients. As a result of that, the paper seeks to explicitly elaborate the same by giving authentic distinction of why nursing is categorically classified on the two dynamics with a reflection of artistic and scientific intellectualism In this case, nursing is defined as an art since it deals with matters of dealing with community and direct support of patients through nurturing spiritual growth physical growth, mental care, and emotional support. These are some of the activities that shields were nursing as an art that is fulfilled in the following perspective of health principles (Nursing, C., Antonovich, J., Nursing, C., 2016).It allows universal propagation of compassion to other people, caring, equity that is non-judgmental, and cultural sensitivity that are derived from the loquacity of a calling. This implies that no one may be in a position s uch as medical officers, and practitioners would give credible services to the patients by applying art ideologies during nursing. However, nursing is also considered as a science because of the following. Nursing offers medical and health education to patients in the hospital and the public. Besides that, it also renders the acquisition of medical treatmentShow MoreRelatedIs Nursing an Art or Science1576 Words   |  7 Pages Is Nursing an Art or Science, or Both? NUR 1214 Abstract Nursing is defined and referred to as both an art and a science through theory and research in nursing practice. Although the science of nursing is grounded on the acquirement of knowledge and skills, along with theoretical understanding of nursing, but it is also described as ‘an experience lived between human beings’. Is Nursing an Art or Science, or Both? Introduction The terms science and art are essential for the nursing practiceRead MoreNursing as an Art and Science1150 Words   |  5 PagesTopic: The Art and Science of Nursing Name: Course: Instructor’s Name: Date: This paper seeks to explore Nursing practice in an attempt to demonstrate the change in perspective of the practice over the years from a traditional view to a more contemporary and realistic view. It will seek to achieve this by performing a literature review of two articles that not only talk but also define and distinguish nursing as both an art and a science and explore a nurses’ experience of being inRead MoreArt And Science Of Nursing Essay2354 Words   |  10 PagesNursing practice is known as a combination of nursing knowledge and compassion in providing care and comfort to patients. Moreover, nursing practice has changed and developed into a dynamic profession to create a better health care environment. It is always essential to combine art and science aspects in nursing practice to help improve patients ‘outcomes. What is the art and science of nursing? Art and science of nursing is described in different ways through literature. According to Polos (2014)Read MoreThe Art and Science of Nursing670 Words   |  3 PagesWhat do we know about nursing? To what extent do we understand nursing? How can we decide if we do â€Å"know† what nursing is? These are questions asked when we are developing knowledge about Nursing as both an Art and Science. Nursing gathers it generalized knowledge from experience with unique individuals from sources such as everyday non-scientific knowledge yet nursing always return to the individual for the application of its knowledge. What is nursing science? Nursing science is defined accordingRead MoreArt And Science Of Nursing2238 Words   |  9 PagesArt and Science of Nursing For the 14th straight year, the public once again ranked nurses as most ethical and most trusted profession in the United States (Gallup, 2015). But what makes nurses the most ethical and most trusted profession? Is it the science of applying evidence-based practice? Is it the art of providing unwavering support and care to patients and their families? Or is it be both? The aim of this paper is to define the art and science of nursing, discuss its influences in currentRead MoreThe Art And Science Of Nursing1977 Words   |  8 PagesThe Art and Science of Nursing Nursing is a profession that has evolved greatly over time and encompasses many different roles. Initially, nurses were thought of as caregivers who followed the orders of physicians and had little autonomy. As the profession has grown, nurses now hold higher roles and increased responsibilities with regards to patient care. There are two sides to nursing, one includes the caring, compassionate, humanistic aspects and the other involves the skills-based, objectiveRead MoreThe Art And Science Of Professional Nursing Practice1173 Words   |  5 PagesThe Art and Science of Professional Nursing Practice Frequently, nurses are considered the foundation of the healthcare industry and the stakes are high when certain qualities must be possessed when working with patients and providing quality care. Nurses have a profound ability to apply strong skill-based knowledge with a caring and compassionate attitude that can improve patient outcomes. They also play an important role that can positively or negatively affect the way patients and family membersRead MoreDefinition And Concepts Of Art And Science Of Nursing2271 Words   |  10 Pagesconcepts of art and science of nursing, how each of these concepts affects nursing practice based on literature, relate how they influence my current personal practice, identify the influences on the changing health care environment, and examine how my nursing practice has changed in the last five years. I will also discuss the strategies I have used to apply the art and science of nursing in my practice and identify the approach I will utilize after c ompleting my Bachelor of Science in Nursing (BSN).Read MoreEssay about Nursing: A Profession of Art and Science1114 Words   |  5 PagesNursing is a dynamic profession built upon a foundation of art and science. It has adapted to rapidly changing technology, rising patient acuity, and weathered the challenge of nursing shortages with an unwavering commitment to professionalism. In this paper I will discuss my beliefs and values, my vision for the future, and my strengths and limitation in pursuing my career goals. I will also reflect upon the influences that contributed to choosing nursing as a profession. Choice of Nursing InRead MoreThe Theory Of Humanistic Nursing1458 Words   |  6 Pagesand effective nursing practice is a combination of art and science. Both the art and science of nursing are employed when working with a patient on their health goals. The art of healing is the communicative and relationship building skills while the science of nursing is the technical skills related to the field. Throughout nursing history, theories have been developed that attempt to explain the role of the nurse. These theories often try to either explain the science or art of nursing. Some of these

Accounting Theory Political and Economical

Question: Discuss about the Accounting Theory for Political and Economical. Answer: Introduction: A conceptual framework is an important accounting framework in the area of financial reporting. The framework is arranged by a standard-setting body to solve basic financial reporting issues in an effectual manner. The framework plays a major role to delineate the nature as well as purpose of accounting. Apart from this, principles-based standards need a conceptual framework due to several reasons. For case, the major reason is that it presents an elementary structure for principles-based standards. The conceptual framework establishes the accounting standards in the root of the fundamental concepts of accounting (Bullen and Crook, 2005). Moreover, the framework would also be helpful to FASB and IASB to accomplish coherent accounting as well as reporting properly. A conceptual framework works as a written charter for financial accounting, reporting, and all the orientations that are prepared from it. On the other hand, the framework plays a major role to make sure that there is reliability between standards such as: IASs, IFRSs, etc. In other words, it also can be said that, the framework brings constancy between the preparation and interpretation of financial statement as well as financial reporting. A conceptual framework also puts a stop to dissimilar conclusions on analogous occurrences. It offers similar conclusions on related events. Moreover, with the help of the framework, FASB and IASB would be able to use more reliable standards eventually. In the context of future amendments in the accounting standards, the framework would be able to make sure that the amendments will be within its elementary conceptions and will not make an inconsistent standard (Wolk, Dodd and Rozycki, 2008). The conceptual framework is considered as the root of the accounting standards; so the root must be firm to maintain the consistency of the accounting standards. Therefore, due to above discusse d reasons; principles-based standards have need of a conceptual framework. The International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) and Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) share a general conceptual framework due to several important motives. For instance, the main motive behind it is that both IASB and FASB want to endorse the convergence of IFRS (International Financial Reporting Standards) and U.S. GAAP (Generally Accepted Accounting Principles) globally. In this situation, a common conceptual framework would be beneficial to lead a set of high-quality global accounting standards all around the world (Jack, Davison and Craig, 2013). Along with this, a common conceptual framework allows to the IASB and FASB to develop, refine and modify the IASB framework as well as FASB concept in an appropriate manner. A common conceptual framework also plays a significant role in order to develop future accounting standards that are principles-based as well as constant to fulfill the goals of the IASB and FASB. It also leads financial reporting to provide the inform ation that is required to make decisions that are related to credit, investment, and so on. In addition to this, a common conceptual framework deals with a variety of issues that IASB and FASB may face in their existing frameworks. Moreover, both IASB and FASB make out the differences between IFRS and GAAP; and also identify solutions to remove these differences effectively. In that case, a common conceptual framework provides global solutions to IASB and FASB; so they can purge differences between IFRS and US GAAP in an appropriate manner. The framework also offers the best stand to develop principle based common accounting standards to the organizations (Warne, 2008). A common inclusive and constant conceptual framework is also essential to remove all the conflicts that are related to the accounting standards. In view of that, it is important to share a common conceptual framework to IASB and FASB. Yes, it is true that several parties can benefit from a conceptual framework. I believe that a conceptual framework is more significant for several parties rather than other frameworks. In my opinion, a conceptual framework offers a common understanding of accounting standards to the parties. Along with this, a conceptual framework provides constant results to the accounting parties. It is a system of consistent objectives as well as fundamentals. By using this framework, parties do not require a lot of documents to prepare, analysis, and interpret financial statements (Bazley, Hancock and Robinson, 2014). So, it reduces the eminence of documentation as compare to others. On the other hand, a conceptual framework encloses high level accounting standards principles that the related parties can understand in a very easy way. In contrast, the other frameworks require loads of documents and also very complicated to understand. The conceptual framework is considered as a behavioural code and all the parties may follow this framework without any issue. Moreover, all the parties require consistency in the preparation of accounting statements; and it is only possible throughout a conceptual framework (Bromwich, Macve and Sunder, 2008). Consequently, in my opinion, a conceptual framework is more imperative than any other framework. In the area of accounting, a cross-cutting issue refers as the inconsistency between different accounting standards. A cross-cutting issue has an effect on the accounting standards. Along with this, cross-cutting issues generally expose the accounting rules that must be appear in the accounting standards of FASB and IASB (Gianni, 2016). In other words, a cross cutting issue refers as the huge effect in the operations of a specified field because of its nature. In addition to this, equality, sustainability, consistency, etc. are some potential examples of cross cutting issues. It is because of sustainability as well as consistency in accounting standards is essential to remove variances among global standards. Moreover, equality also motivates all the parties to work in an accurate manner. If there is an absence of equality, sustainability and consistency within the accounting standards as well as operations then it may create cross-cutting issues in front of the organizations (Gebhar dt, Mora and Wagenhofer, 2014). In this way, it can be assumed that, cross-cutting issues are dangerous to the organization because of they create discrepancy among accounting standards. The given case study shows that the US GAAP (Generally Accepted Accounting Principles) has become a major subject of critic in the recent years. The major reason behind it is that the US financial accounting standards are being more inconsistent. Along with this, according to me, the fundamental problem with financial statements is that these financial statements are completely unrelated with the global accounting standards. The major reason of this irrelevancy is that US GAAPs are still based on the historic cost measurement principle in place of the fair value of the asset (Laux and Leuz, 2009). I believe that, fair value must be used in order to make financial statements more consistent and relevant. On the other hand, the fair value of accounting standards would also be beneficial to reveal a clear depiction of the financial health of the company. Moreover, there are some limitations that make the use of historical cost irrelevant. For case, the historical cost only reveals the historic facts related to the company; and in this situation investors would not be able to evaluate the current situations as well as future projections in an accurate manner. The other limitation is that, the historical cost does not consider the changes that may take place in the marketplace (Chea, 2011). Along with this, the income statements that are arranged with the help of historic cost measurement principle are unable to disclose the actual profitability of the organizations. In this way, in my views, the above discussed are the most important problems with financial statements that are based on the historic cost method of US GAAP. Yes, I consider, the principle accounts must be a sign of economic reality as a core principle of measurement in accounting. It is because of economic reality involves all the business circumstances in order to evaluate the financial statements of business corporations. Moreover, it also takes into the consideration the fair value of accounting standards rather than historical costs. It is well known that historical cost method does not provide a clear picture of the profits or revenues of the firms. Historical costs are obsolete and therefore they are not applicable as a core principle of measurement in accounting (Kaur, 2013). Along with this, in the area of business accounting, the major purpose of accounting is only to present a fair and comprehensive image of the economic condition of an organization. In this situation, economic reality will work to provide an inclusive image of a company's economic condition. On the other hand, rarely, some conflicts may take place between accounting and economic reality conflict. But, it does not mean that, in that situation, economic reality would not be a key principle of measurement. It will always be a core principle of accounting. It is because of in the absence of economic reality, business firms face a lot of critical challenges to deal with the investors as well as analyst of the corporation. Moreover, some business organizations believe that economic reliability creates confusion at the time of preparation of financial statements. They become unable to decide that which item should be in the asset and balance sheet of the company (Fahnestock and Bostwick, 2011). But, in that case, the GAAP ignores the consequence of economic reality. It also increases the importance of economic reality; and therefore it can be measured a core standard of measurement in accounting. In real, there is no need to evaluate economic reality. It is because of it has been established its deep roots in the accounting standards. For that reason, standard setting bodies, practitioners, and financial experts believe that economic reality provides an unbiased representation of the financial statements of the companies. But, if there is a need of the measurement of economic reality then there are some methods or techniques that may be useful to measure economic reality effectively. For case, the first method is that economic reality works on the principle of the fair value. The fair value of assets can be helpful to evaluate economic reality (Eades, Laseter, Skurnik, Rodriguez, Isabella and Simko, 2010). On the other hand, valuation of assets such as: monetary assets, intangibles assets and assets traded in the markets also contribute their roles to measure the economic reality in the current situations of the marketplace. Moreover, the measurement of economic reality also depends on the required information of people. For example, investors will use cash flows to measure the economic reality. But, traders and manufacturers will use current market selling and buying price respectively to assess the economic reality (Russell, 2008). Also, historical transactions will also be used by the auditors to compute the economic reality. Hence, there are different measures that are useful in the measurement of economic reality. On the basis of the given case scenario, reliability in accounting indicates towards the quality of information. In other words, reliability in accounting means the accounting information that the business organizations provide to investors/users must be accurate and free from the errors. Along with this, the accounting information must be balanced as well as unbiased; and also competent to present the clear meaning of the accounting information. The reliability of the information depends on the constancy and also represents the clear meaning of the information for which they are proposed (Maali and Jaara, 2014). Moreover, bank statements, purchase receipts, and so on are the major examples of reliability in accounting. In addition to this, there are some important components of accounting reliability. But, verifiability and constancy are the two core components of accounting reliability. Accounting reliability refers to the credibility of the financial statements. It plays a major role in order to verify the accounting information. It is also beneficial to evaluate the trustworthiness of information and also use that information to make important decisions that are related to the investments (Jones, 2015). Overall, it can be assumed that, constancy in accounting information is reliability in accounting. On the basis of the given case study, it can be believed that, in current, issues related to environment are increasing on the regular basis. In view of that, business organizations are obliged to think about the environmental issues that are faced by all over the world. So, companies must take into consideration specific provisions to fulfill their environmental liabilities in an appropriate manner. These provisions would also be beneficial to identify the major elements that are responsible for increased environmental issues (Carmichael, Whittington and Graham, 2007). Apart from this, the FASB calls for companies to record a provision regarding environmental costs of retiring an asset on its estimated fair value. I think companies can estimate such a provision by taking appropriate actions into considerations. For case, to estimate such provision, companies should present these provisions in front of the stakeholders (shareholders, employees, community, government, company, etc.) a nd also give them instructions that they are required to adopt such provisions to record the major elements that are responsible for environmental issues. On the other hand, in my opinion, such provisions would be helpful to fulfill the future gains and to estimate fair value of an asset. Moreover, some important provisions that are also involved in the estimation are appropriate planning as well as costing of the assets. The company should also measure the on-demand performance of the assets. Business companies should also provide guarantees that their recourses and assets are eco-friendly (Patton, 2017). Along with this, companies should use a discounted present value and also apply the principle of the time value of money to estimate such a provision in an effectual and an appropriate manner. In the given case study, it is clear that, the business organizations in the US are bound to fulfill their liability towards the environment. Along with this, in the give case, it is also given that, the business corporations are obliged to pursue the important standards that are proposed by the US FASB (Financial Accounting Standard Board). Moreover, companies are also obliged to follow specific provisions that are developed by the US FASB with regard to detection of the environmental liability of the businesses. According to these provisions, the business organizations are forced to preserve environmental liabilities that are connected with the ultimate retirement of an asset (Repetto and Dias, 2006). Moreover, the business firms those are carrying out practices as regards asset retirement obligations are also obligatory to reserve their environmental liabilities in order to maintain recognition of a liability. In addition to this, in the given case scenario, it is clarified that, if the business firms estimate the fair value of the assets then their liabilities towards environment are held in reserve. Moreover, the estimation of fair value of assets also indicates towards the recognition of environment liability. These types of provisions also point towards the development of the environmental liability within the business processes (Hoffman, Raabe, Maloney and Young, 2016). In this way, the above discussed policies or provisions are the major aspects of the requirements that were used by US companies to extend appreciation of a liability. The implementation of these policies would be also beneficial for the companies in order to expand their business in the international market also. On the premise of the given case study, it can be analyzed that the development of environmental sustainability measures may increase the cost of the business companies. It is because of business firms need to spend huge amount of money in the implementation of such measures. But, this thing would be beneficial for the future of the companies. Moreover, the recognition of the liability regarding future restitution activity may affect the current and future net profits cash flows of the companies. For case, business organizations will spend huge funds to implement provisions related to the environmental sustainability (Pearce, Barbier and Markandya, 2013). This may reduce the current net profits of the companies. The main reason behind it is that the implementation of these measures will increase the costs of the companies. But, there may be seen high increase in the net profits of future years. It is because of due to the implementation of environmental sustainability measures, the goodwill of the organizations will increase in the upcoming years and this thing would increase the future net profits of the companies. In the same manner, the implementation of environmental sustainability measures will also influence the cash flows of the business organizations. For case, the implementation of the sustainability measures will increase the total amount of outflows at the start. As a result, it can be estimated that the cash flow of the companies will go outwards in the beginning. On the other hand, it is also projected that the prosperity of the companies will go up in future; and therefore the movement of the cash flows would be in the favor of the businesses (Glasson, Therivel and Chadwick, 2013). In this way, the recognition of environmental liability will improve net profits and cash flows of the companies in the upcoming years. The given case scenario expresses that, it is very important to recognize the environmental liability to the companies. The main reason behind it is that environmental liabilities play a significant role to save the environment from the dangerous chemicals or toxins. Along with this, the environmental liability will force to the business organizations to not release a large amount of waste during the production process. It is the penalty that must be given to the companies for spoiling the environment. So, the companies must recognize their liability towards the environment and they should implement effectual measures to fulfill their responsibilities related to environmental sustainability (Hammit, Rogers, Sand and Wiener, 2013). Moreover, to high extent the disclosure about the liability is adequate. There must be strict rules regulations to fulfill the environmental liability. Business companies should also understand that the fulfillment of environmental liability is not decreas ing their profits. However, it is increasing the goodwill and future profits of the companies. References Bazley, M., Hancock, P. and Robinson, P. (2014). Contemporary Accounting PDF. Australia: Cengage Learning Australia. Bromwich, M., Macve, R. and Sunder, S. (2008). The Conceptual Framework: Revisiting the Basics. In The British Accounting Association Financial Accounting and Reporting Special Interest Group Symposium on The Future of Financial Reporting. Bullen, H.G. and Crook, K. (2005). 'Revisiting the concepts: A new conceptual framework project.' Available At: https://www.fasb.org/cs/BlobServer?blobcol=urldatablobtable=MungoBlobsblobkey=idblobwhere=1175818825710blobheader=application%2Fpdf [Accessed On: 26th Jan. 2017] Carmichael, D.R., Whittington, O. R. and Graham, L. (2007). Accountants' Handbook, Volume 2: Special Industries and Special Topics. USA: John Wiley Sons. Chea, A.C. (2011). Fair value accounting: its impacts on financial reporting and how it can be enhanced to provide more clarity and reliability of information for users of financial statements. International journal of business and social science, 2(20). Eades, K.M., Laseter, T.M., Skurnik, I., Rodriguez, P.L., Isabella, L.A. and Simko, P.J. (2010). The Portable MBA (5th ed.). USA: John Wiley Sons. Fahnestock, R.T. and Bostwick, E.D. (2011). An analysis of the fair value controversy. Journal of Finance and Accountancy, 8, p.1. Gebhardt, G., Mora, A. and Wagenhofer, A. (2014). Revisiting the fundamental concepts of IFRS. Abacus, 50(1), pp.107-116. Gianni, R. (2016). Responsibility and Freedom: The Ethical Realm of RRI. UK: John Wiley Sons. Glasson, J., Therivel, R. and Chadwick, A. (2013). Introduction to environmental impact assessment. NY: Routledge. Hammit, J., Rogers, M., Sand, P. and Wiener, J. B. (2013). The Reality of Precaution: Comparing Risk Regulation in the United States and Europe. NY: Routledge. Hoffman, W.H., Raabe, W.A., Maloney, D.M. and Young, J.C. (2016). South-Western Federal Taxation 2017: Corporations, Partnerships, Estates and Trusts. USA: Cengage Learning. Jack, L., Davison, J. and Craig, R. (2013). The Routledge Companion to Accounting Communication. NY: Routledge. Jones, S. (2015). The Routledge Companion to Financial Accounting Theory. NY: Routledge. Kaur, J. (2013). The Fairness of the Fair Value Concept. International Journal of Business and Commerce, 3(3), pp.1-10. Laux, C. and Leuz, C. (2009). The crisis of fair-value accounting: Making sense of the recent debate. Accounting, organizations and society, 34(6), pp. 826-834. Maali, B. and Jaara, O. (2014). Reality and Accounting: The Case for Interpretive Accounting Research. International Journal of Accounting and Financial Reporting 4(1), pp. 155-168. Patton, L. (2017). Zurich: Disclosure of Environmental Liability. Available At: https://www.the-chiefexecutive.com/projects/ceo008_insurance/ Accessed On: [26th Jan. 2017] Pearce, D., Barbier, E. and Markandya, A. (2013). Sustainable development: economics and environment in the Third World. NY: Routledge. Repetto, R. and Dias, D. (2006). Trueva: a new integrated financial measure of environmental exposure. Yale School of Forestry Enveronmental Studies 2006, pp. 1-22. Russell, M.J. (2008). The Trend toward Fair Value Accounting. Journal of Financial Service Professionals 62 (3), p16. Warne, R.C. (2008). The Effects of Fair-market Valuations on the Judgments of Commercial Lenders and Nonprofessional Investors. USA: ProQuest. Wolk, H.I., Dodd, J.L. and Rozycki, J.J. (2008). Accounting Theory: Conceptual Issues in a Political and Economic Environment, Volume 2. USA: SAGE.

The Lost Ones Young Chinese Americans Essays -

The Lost Ones Young Chinese Americans Due to harsh immigration laws, in American history, Chinese have often relied on illegal means of entering the United States. For example, in 1882, the Chinese Exclusion Act (Chinese Exclusion Act, Documents on Anti-Chinese Immigration Policy.) was passed, the first and only act that restricted immigration from one particular ethnicity. This act restricted immigration of Chinese labourers. In 1888, this act was extended to all Chinese immigrants except for officials, teachers, students, tourists, and merchants. However, not all-prospective immigrants made it to the shores of America safely. The United States is well aware of illegal immigration and rings operating these smuggling operations. Therefore increased vigilance at America's doors has led to the capture of many Chinese illegal immigrants. The result of above brief history of Chinese history in America is that these new comers at the time period of illegal entering of America would eventually result the wave of 3rd generation Chinese population along with Baby Boomers after World War II. The new generation was in the era of Civil Rights movement in the 1950~1970s. The talented, new 3rd generation possessed not only the despair of having an identity, but also faced the pressure from the elder generation of their origin cultures. It is true and inappropriate that the newer the generation, the more they refuse their own cultures. However, from what it took the elder generations of Chinese/Asian Americans for the younger generation to be able to live under the aegis of liberty, freedom, stable society, and satiating living; I think that the younger generations should be proud of, and respect the elder generation and who they really are. Chinese who still tried to enter the United States needed to pretend that they were merchants. Others pretended to be relatives of people living in the United States. Chinese Americans who returned from visits home (China or Taiwan) and reported births of sons and daughters thereby created flaws, which were often used to bring in immigrants who posed as sons or daughters. Chinese immigrants, eager to start a new life and begin their pursuit of the elusive American dream, do not want to wait their turn in line. Rather they want to begin their journey today, and smugglers and underground networks are more than willing to provide the decent services to do just that. At great expense, Chinese immigrants underwent the long, dangerous, and illegal route of smuggling themselves into America. They brave a long journey at sea and are willing to pay exorbitant fees and work under the pressure of Chinese Mafia once in America. These voyagers are often successfully smuggled into the United State s and are placed in positions of cheap labor in Chinatown, working as waiters or sweatshop workers. Chinese immigration resumed quickly after 1906 (being shut down for many years by governmental legislation before Angel Island interrogation), an anti-Chinese climate. Thanks to the San Francisco earthquake which destroyed most of the immigration records in the city, allowing many resident Chinese to claim U.S citizenship and many others to claim to be paper sons and daughters. The anticipated outcome that is intended or guides of the Board of Special Inquiry at Angel Island was to deport or exclude as many prospective Chinese immigrants as possible. Under the kindly explicit approval and guidance of seeking out the truth and separating the legitimate immigrants from the intended to deceive claims, the immigration service tried to get or reached to exclude the Chinese. These is obvious from the type of questions asked and avoid or try to avoid, as of duties, questions and issues of tr aditional rules of procedure. The types of questions were often based on previous knowledge concerning the villages of where the immigrants came from since after these inspectors had worked thousands of cases, they had gained a clear knowledge of what some of the major villages looked like. With this knowledge of the villages layout, they asked questions that were purposefully wrong to trick and feign the immigrants (Clauss, 64). Another reason that motivated the immigration service at Angel Island was the public presentation. Chinese immigrants being landed would only draw serious examination and judgment from the public. Therefore they would prefer as

God for example

I belief that not everything in this world needs to be proven, God for example. Not everybody believes in God even if people saw him some will still deny. We do not need to prove it, and why should we care if someone doesn't believe it. Believing in God is a personal faith and everyone is free to believe in what he/she wants to. Besides I think it is a waste of time to try to find proofs for Gods existence while we can have that time searching for a better job or a better house. Doubts in Gods existence are not helpful. We need to concentrate on material things, medicine for example. Is that medicine is better than another one at treating cancer? Isnt that more necessary to prove? Life is full of surprises and so fast that I find it hard to accept the fact that anyone would agreeably choose to go through their career as an "bright" creature on this earth with the idea that they actually know anything with absolute certainty. In my opinion, there will be no certainty at all. It is hard to change peoples beliefs by knowledge because these beliefs have been living inside their minds and soul for a while. We can not just take them away in such a short time. These beliefs lived there as a part of the human body. Skepticism is necessary in life but in limits. If we doubt everything, we will never belief in anything. I have a close friend that we have been together for along time sharing good times and bad times and if someone comes up to me and tell me that my friend is cheating or talking on my back, I should not be concerned no matter what because if I was concerned then I do not have trust on my friend, and therefore I am not a friend. However I will go and ask my friend about it. Being concerned about it with emotions is not in the limit, but asking my friend is needed. We can not say that we have enough knowledge no matter how long we have been learning or searching. Knowledge is an infinite subject...

Human Digestion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Human Digestion - Essay Example The wall of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) is composed of muscular layers which allow two types of movements: the mixing movements and the propelling movements. Mixing movements are found in small tracts of the GIT and allow rhythmic contraction of the wall while the propulsive movements are wavelike and are also called peristalsis, pushing the mass of food into the next part of the GIT (Boland, Golding, & Singh, 2014). Mouth is the first place of food digestion and breaks food into smaller protions. Saliva also contains the enzyme salivary amylase which breaks the food starch into smaller molecules. In the oral cavity, lingual lipase is also secreted which has a very small impact on fat digestion. Saliva mixes with the food adding mucus to it forming the food bolus. The food bolus is transferred into the esophagus, which propels the bolus through persitaltic movements into the stomach. The stomach produces hydrochloric acid which is important to kill several pathogenic organisms in the food and also aids in protein digestion by converting pepsingen into pepsin. Pepsin breaks the protein into smaller chains so that they can be absorbed. Gastrin is also a part of the stomach secretions and aids in stmach motility and also stimulates the secretion of other gastric secretions. Intrinsic factor is key component in the absorption of vitamin B12, which basically ocurrs in the small intestine, terminal il leum. Without intrinsic factor, absorbtion of vitmain B12 will not be possible (Insel, Ross, McMahon, & Bernstein, 2014). Most of the digestion in the small intestine occurs in the duodenum which receives the secretions from the gall bladder, pancreas and also from the intrinsic duodenum glands. Pancreas secretes major enzymes for the digestion of fats, carbohydrates and proteins. Pancreas also secretes bicarbonate secretions to aid in digestion. The presence of bile

Concert review of the Train and Mat Kearney Show at Ravinia Festival Essay

Concert review of the Train and Mat Kearney Show at Ravinia Festival in Chicago Illinois - Essay Example A unique feature of this venue is that the pavilion itself is already elevated on a natural terrain so that the viewers do not have to crane their necks or push towards the front of the concert in order to have a good look at their performing band. This ease of viewing added greatly to the overall experience as from the concert experiences I have had, it can often be frustrating to attempt to maintain a comfortable distance from the performance while still being able to have good visibility and not being crushed by the crowd. With respect to the concert lighting, the concert fell short. This was not necessarily due to a lack of proper planning but due to the fact that the performance took place outdoors. As such, most lighting displays need adequate indoor facilities in order to project the lights onto the stage instead of from the stage to the stage. Therefore, by nature of the venue, the lighting left something to be desired as the performers were illuminated in what only seemed li ke a two dimensional way. To be fair, in order to achieve proper lighting, it would have been necessary to anchor multiple high powered lights in and around the area that the concert goers were viewing the show. This would have caused further inconvenience due to the hassle of draped power cords and the non visibility that would have been a problem to those seated or standing behind such anchored lights. With rock concerts, the venue has a heavy bearing as to the overall ability of the lighting and sound to mirror the same type of experience that might be available to the concertgoer in an indoor setting. As such, with respect to the overall sound level and equipment used, the organizers were limited with what they could do; instead having to sacrifice by setting up a barrage of speakers on the front lines of the pavilion in order to ensure that the sound was loud enough to reach those at the very back of the concert area. Such a technique is effective, however; it can make the nois e level somewhat unbearable for those that wish to be in the front rows of the concert. This was very much the case as I attempted to get a closer view of the performance I was appalled at the overall noise level that was coming from the very front of the concert. It was uncomfortable in the extreme to spend more than a very few moments in such a setting. This fact helped to somewhat reduce the overall effectiveness of the concert; however, it must be noted that as described earlier, such techniques are just part and parcel of what having an outdoor concert necessarily entails and could not have likely been improved by another band performing under the same conditions. With respect to overall accessibility, the concert also scored well in my perspective. Due to the fact that there was plenty of room to move around, high stage visibility even from areas far removed from the performance and an outdoor setting, individuals, even with disabilities, could easily gain entry, have room to move around, and enjoy the concert without being impeded by the setting. With respect to the actual fashion and style that the performer’s exhibited, it could be described as a very folksy representation of pan-America. Flannel, leather, boots, and cowboy hats

Psychological approaches to child development

Psychological approaches to child development Learning theory comes from the Cognitive, Behaviourist and Social approaches in the field of psychology. Each of these approaches has assumptions that can be used to how it applies its approach to understanding human behaviour. The basic assumptions of the Behaviourist approaches are firstly classical conditioning this is learning through the process of association between a particular stimulus and response. Classical conditioning involves conditioned reflexes: all animals have this reflexive behaviour which is not a conscious control but is a response to a specific stimuli for example a kneejerk reflex will only jerk if is tapped in the correct place while your lower leg is freely swinging this reflex is controlled by the spinal cord and not by the brain this is a straightforward response to the stimuli another example is the production of saliva in response to food when hungry. This was studied in great detail by Pavlov, (1911). Pavlov had been studying the digestive process in dog s, in order to do this he placed dogs in harnesses and set a tube up inside their cheek, he did this so he could measure the rate and production of saliva. He observed that the dogs would start to salivate not only when they were given food but when they first caught sight of the food pail. Pavlov set up many studies to investigate whether or not a dog could learn to associate salivation with another response the ringing of a bell, Pavlov found that after associating the sound of the bell with the presentation of food the dogs would salivate when they heard the bell. The reflex of salivation had become conditioned. Pavlov found there to be a tendency to generalise the learning to other stimuli if a different bell was rang the dogs would still salivate and the more similar the sound of bell was to the original one the stronger the response this is known as the generalisation gradient. Although Pavlov studied dogs it became apparent that it was also a form of human learning. (HayesOre ll, 1996) (Pearce, 1987) Menzies (1937) showed how completely unconscious response could be conditioned response to the sound of a buzzer, the response was vasoconstriction which is the process of blood vessels withdrawing from the surface of the skin in the cold. Menzies got his participants to immerse their hands in a bucket of ice cold water when the buzzer was sounded this would cause vasoconstriction in their hands after a while vasoconstriction would take place when the buzzer sounded even though their hands were not immerged in the water meaning their reflex had been conditioned. This study is important as it illustrates that classical conditioning is nothing to do with our conscious decisions. (HayesOrell, 1996) In 1920 Watson and Rayner performed a conditioning experiment on a little boy who became known as little Albert; He was given a white rat and it was observed that Albert was playful with the rodent he had no fear of it and was even comfortable picking it up. The next time the rat was given to Albert he reacted in the same way but then the psychologists made a loud sound it was so sudden it made little Albert cry they did this on numerous occasions and so finally the mere sight of the rat would make Little Albert cry next they introduced a white rabbit and a Santa Claus mask which also made him cry, Little Albert had been conditioned to cry at the sight of the white rat but during the process had made a connection that anything white and furry would make a loud noise. This experiment gives us an insight into the human mind however this experiment would be unethical in todays standards. (HayesOrell, 1996)(Pearce , 1987) Traditionally, psychologists believed that responses that can be classically conditioned are involuntary responses for example: heart rate changes, gastric motility, sweating, eye blinks and sexual arousal. This is in contrast to operant conditioning, in which voluntary responses are molded through their rewarding and punishing consequence Pavlovs studies demonstrated how animals and humans can acquire new behaviors beyond the rather limited repertoire of their innate reflexes. (Davey, G 1981) Pavlov believed that the conditioned response could explain all kinds of learning. For many years, learning theorists believed that virtually any perceivable neutral stimulus could become a Conditioned Stimulus and that just about any response could be conditioned this view of classical conditioning has been modified as a variety of research studies have identified limitations to animals and humans adaptability through classical conditioning .( Davey 1981) Stimulus generalization allows you to respond to similarities between environmental stimuli, while stimulus discrimination allows you to respond differently to stimuli that have some features in common with other stimuli. You generalize first, and then, through additional experience, you learn which stimuli are functionally similar and which stimuli require different responses. (Hayes, 1994)(McFarland, 1999) Another type of learning is Operant Conditioning which involves learning to repeat or totally stop certain behaviours, although is more complex than classical conditioning it is still a simple form of learning. In 1911 Thorndike argued that some responses were learned not simply because they are associated with a stimulus response but because they had unpleasant consequences. This was known as the law of effect which is the investigation of different types of learning it is now known as operant conditioning the psychologist responsible for developing it was Skinner. Like Pavlov, Skinner investigated learning by using animals he did this because he wanted to study simple forms of learning whereas human learning is generally complicated. By using a Skinner box which is a device that contained simple elements that were needed for learning a response, he would place a hungry animal either a rat or a pigeon into the box and observe their behaviour the box would contain three things a leve r a food delivery chute and a light, as the animal began to move around the box it would eventually press the lever and food would be delivered meaning that the behaviour was being rewarded and would have an affect in reinforcing that behaviour which in turn would make it happen again. (HayesOrell, 1996) (Blackwell Skinner, 1951) Skinner introduced the term operant or operant response to distinguish the responses in operant conditioning from those in classical conditioning. In classical conditioning the conditioned response does not affect whether or when the stimulus occurs. Supernanny uses positive reinforcement and rewards and this is most effective in producing good behaviour. Positive rein forcers are events that strengthen a response if they are experienced after that response occurs. They are roughly equivalent to rewards. For children, positive rein forcers can include food, smiles, money, or other desirable outcomes. The presentation of positive re-enforcers after a response is called positive reinforcement. The process of strengthening behavior by following it with the removal of an aversive stimulus is called negative reinforcement and other desirable outcomes. Negative rein forcers are stimuli such as pain, threats, or a disapproving frown that strengthen a response if they are removed after the response occurs. Whether it takes the form of presenting something pleasant or removing something aversive, reinforcement always increases the likelihood of the behavior that precedes it. (supernanny.com). Developmental psychologists are interested in how parents impact upon a childs development, furthermore sourcing actual cause and effect links between the actions of parents and childrens development can be very difficult. Baumrind (1967) conducted a study on more than 100 preschool age children using naturalistic observation and parental interviews she was able to identify four important dimensions of parenting which are disciplinary strategies, warmth and nurturance, communication and expectations of maturity and control. Baumrind (1967) stated that the majority of parents display one of four parenting styles which are: Authoritarian parenting which is where the parent controls, shapes and evaluates the attitude and behaviour of a child using strict rules established by the parents they believe in keeping the child in their place. They also do not encourage verbal give and take, believing that the child should accept their word for what is right. Next is the Authoritative parent th ey attempt to direct the childs activities but in a rational, issue-oriented manner. They encourage verbal give and take and share with the child the reasoning. This type of parenting can result in children being obedient but lack happiness and self esteem. The authoritative parent affirms the childs present qualities, but also sets standards for future conduct. These parents want their children to be assertive as well as socially responsible. This type of parenting can result in children being happy capable and successful. Permissive parents have very few demands to make on their children the parent consults with the child about decisions and gives explanations as to why they have to be implemented. They avoid control and use reason and manipulation not to overt power but to accomplish mature behaviour permissive parents are nurturing and commutative and are more than a friend than a parent to their children. This parenting style can result in children having low happiness and self esteem but also have problems with authority and sometimes can do poor at school. Finally the uninvolved parent has few demands and has very low responsiveness and communication with their child even though these parents may fulfil their childs basic needs they are more likely to be detached from their childs life in extreme cases this can lead to reject r neglect of their children. This parenting style lacks lowest in all life domains and children lack in self esteem and are less competent. (Baumrind, 1967) The BBC news reported on a study Tough Love is good for children It states a balance of warmth and discipline improved social skills more that an authoritarian or disengaged upbringing. It says children aged five with Tough Love parents were twice as likely to show good character capabilities. However according to the report qualities such as application, self regulation and empathy were more likely to be developed in children whose parents were of the Tough Love category, it found that these qualities make a vital contribution to life chances and opportunity. The building character data came from more than 9000 households in the United Kingdom, it found that children from the richest backgrounds were twice as likely to develop key characteristics, additionally children whose parents were married were also twice as likely to show such traits than children from lone parent or step-families., it added that when parental style and confidence were tailored in the difference in child char acter development between richer and poorer families disappeared. They recommended that the governments sure start programme should be refocused for the use as a tool in early intervention and urge for more information and support for families and children with disengaged or low income parents. This report concluded that it indicated that parenting was the most important influence. (BBC News) One could argue that no matter what parenting style is given throughout childhood it reflects on a childs decision making attitude and behaviour, and has a great impact on a childs development. After learning about parenting styles on child development it is apparent that all parents should simply use the authoritative parenting style after all it is more likely to produce happy confident and capable children. The theories that Freud studied stressed the importance of childhood experiences, according to Freud child development is described as a series of psychosexual stages Freud outlined these stages as oral, anal, phallic, latency period, and genital. Each stage involves the satisfaction of a libidinal desire and can later play a role in adult personality. Erickson developed Freuds theories on development throughout human lifespan. Erikson believed that each stage of development is focused on overcoming a conflict. Theorist Jean Piaget suggested that children think differently than adults. Piagets stage theory describes the cognitive development of children. Cognitive development involves changes in cognitive process and abilities. In Piagets view, early cognitive development involves processes based upon actions and later progresses into changes in mental operations. Piagets focus on qualitative development had an important impact on education, although he did not specifically apply his theory to education but has been used in that children should taught at the level for which they are developmentally prepared. A criticism of Piaget is his research methods in he used his own three children for his experiments, other children in Piagets small research sample were all from well-educated professionals of high socio-economic status. Because of this unrepresentative sample, it is difficult to generalise his findings to a larger population and research has shown that Piagets argument that all children will automatically move to the next stage of development as they mature. Some data found shows that environmental factors may play a role in the development of formal operations. (About.com) Social learning theory is occurs within social context and is observational learning, imitation and modelling meaning people observe learning behaviour of others. Behaviourists say that learning has to be represented by a permanent change in behaviour; in contrast social learning theorists say that because people can learn through observation alone. Social learning theory has become increasingly cognitive in its interpretation of human learning. Awareness and expectations of reinforcements or punishments have a major effect on behaviours that people display. There is also a transition between behaviourist learning theories and cognitive learning theories. The environment reinforces and punishes modelling. Much behaviour can be learned through modelling: Aggression can be learned through models. Much research indicates that children become more aggressive when they observed aggressive or violent models. Moral thinking and moral behaviour are influenced by observation and modelling, in cluding moral judgments regarding right and wrong. Bandura (1961) designed a study which he named the Bobo Doll experiment, His study used three groups of children the first being the control group which did not include an adult. The other two groups included adult actors with one group being exposed to an adult displaying verbal and physical aggressive behaviour to an inflatable doll and the other witnessing a passive adult, Bandura (1961) found that the group of children who were exposed to the adult showing aggression were more likely to demonstrate the same behaviour when left alone in a room to play than those whose groups had a passive adult or no adult at all, The three groups were also divided equally between boys and girls and the results also showed that boys were three times more likely to imitate the physical aggressive behaviour than girls, although it was discovered that the level of imitative verbal aggression was about the same for males and females in the group, Bandura (1961) demonstrates that children have a tenden cy to imitate the behaviour of an adult role model so are acting in the same manner that an adult does.(Shuttleworth,2008) However there are extreme examples that show that a human child will imitate the behaviour of whatever it comes into contact with the most, exposure to a model behaving aggressively results in observational learning and aggressive behaviour. Refs http://www.betterlucktomorrow.com/character_sites/steve/Little%20Albert.htm http://psychology.about.com/od/developmentalpsychology/a/childdevtheory.htm Shuttleworth, M. (2008). EXPERIMENT-RECOURCES : Online. Available: http://www.experiment-resources.com/bobo-doll-experiment.html#Hypothesis [Accessed: 15/10/09] Davey, G (1981) Animal Learning and Conditioning MacMillan Press. Hayes, N. (1994) Principles of Comparative Psychology Lawrence Erlbaum. Martin, P. Bateson, P. (1993) Measuring Behaviour (2nd ed.) Cambridge University Press McFarland, D. (1999) Animal Behaviour (3rd ed.) Longman Pearce J.M. (1987) An Introduction to Animal Cognition Lawrence Erlbaum Ridley, M. (1995) Animal Behaviour: a concise introduction (2nd Ed.) Blackwell Skinner, B.F. (1951) How to Teach Animals Scientific American December 1951 pp http://www.supernanny.com/Advice/-/Supernanny-techniques/-/Discipline-and-reward.aspx http://www.devpsy.org/teaching/parent/baumrind_styles.html http://newsvote.bbc.co.uk/mpapps/pagetools/print/news.bbc.co.uk/1/h

Comparing Suffering in Plaths Ariel, Stings, Lady Lazarus, Wintering,

Portrayal of Suffering in Plath's Ariel, Stings, Lady Lazarus, Wintering, and Fever 103 °Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Sylvia Plath's poems evoke the worst of subjective fallacies. Probably some of our charged reactions are symptomatic of the times and the culture; but more of them seem to stem from the always-too-easy identification between troubled poet and what might be the tone of imagery and rhythm of the poem considered. Because Plath worked so intensively in archetypal imagery (water, air, fire as bases for image patterns, for example), many of her poems could be read as either "dark" wasteland kinds of expressions, or as the reverse, as death-by-water, salvation poems--destruction implied, but also survived, phoenix-like. "Ariel," the title poem of the collection that made Plath known to the reading world so soon after her 1962 suicide, is a similarly ambiguous poem, rich in its image patterns of movement-stasis, light-dark, earth-fire. The progression in the poem is from the simply stated "Stasis in darkness," a negative condition as Plath indicates in the very similarly imaged poem "Years," to the ecstatic transformation-through-motion of the closing. That this is a poem about motion is clear from the second image, which seems to be a depiction of the faint light of morning ("substanceless blue pour of tor and distances") yet also stresses the movement of the image--pour, distances. The eye of the reader, like that of the poet, is on what is coming, and the scene that appears is always couched in imagery that includes motion words or impressions. Even the furrows of earth are moving ("splits and passes"). The antagonistic forces in the poem are those contrary to the motion that is so passionately evoked. Set against the unity of... ...e close of "Ariel" suggests the same benizon, "I / Am the arrow, // The dew that flies / Suicidal, at one with the drive / Into the red // Eye, the cauldron of morning." "Then to the elements be free" . . . "at one with the dew." Plath's drive to motion, that sheer impact of energy and force, beyond the "Dead hands, dead stringencies," is the power behind not only "Ariel" but also "Stings," "Lady Lazarus," "Wintering," and "Fever 103 °." That she, with Shakespeare, found such violence as the gale winds "auspicious" is an important index to these passionate and sometimes difficult poems, poems important enough to us that we must learn to read them with an insight closer to Plath's own emphasis, and to her equally personal thematic direction. Works Cited   Linda Wagner, "Plath's 'Ariel': 'Auspicious Gales,'" in Concerning Poetry, Vol. 10, No. 2, 1977, pp. 5-7.

Individual Assignment Environmental Fundamentals Paper Essay

 · How do you define environmental science ?  · How does the relationship between science and technology affect environmental problems and solutions in today’s society?  · Why is the concept of environmental sustainability important, and why should it be studied? What are the historical patterns surrounding sustainable and unsustainable human interactions with the environment?  · In general, how do human values affect sustainability given current challenges facing society? After reviewing the research on the environment, how do environmental hazards affect human health? Provide at least two examples. It is important to remember that college is not all about studying. College is a significant step into adulthood and should be treated as such. While you should not party the night away, do not keep your nose in your books to the point that you do not get to enjoy this time of your life. This work comprises ENV 100 Week 1 Individual Assignment Environmental Fundamentals Paper   General Questions – General General Questions Write a 700- to 1,050-word paper in which you discuss the fundamental principles of environment science. In your paper, answer the following questions:  · How do you define environmental science ?  · How does the relationship between science and technology affect environmental problems and solutions in today’s society?  · Why is the concept of environmental sustainability important, and why should it be studied? What are the historical patterns surrounding sustainable an†¦ To get this material copy and paste link to browser – https://bitly.com/1xptIgO It is important to remember that college is not all about studying. College is a significant step into adulthood and should be treated as such. While you should not party the night away, do not keep your nose in your books to the point that you do not get to enjoy this time of your life. General Questions – General General Questions Write a 700- to 1,050-word paper in which you discuss the fundamental principles of environment science. In your paper, answer the following questions:  · How do you define environmental science ?  · How does the relationship between science and technology affect environmental problems and solutions in today’s society?  · Why is the concept of environmental sustainability important, and why should it be studied? What are the historical patterns surrounding sustainable and unsustainable human interactions with the environment?  · In general, how do human values affect sustainability given current challenges facing society? After reviewing the research on the environment, how do environmental hazards affect human health? Provide at least two examples.

A Short Note On Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder - 973 Words

What is FASD? FASD (Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder) is an umbrella term that describes a variety of possible effects that can be experienced by individuals who were prenatally exposed to alcohol. FASD encompasses several medical diagnoses including FAS (Fetal Alcohol Syndrome), pFAS(Fetal Alcohol Syndrome) and ARND (Alcohol Related Neurodevelopmental Disorder) (â€Å"What Educators†. 3). Characteristics: In order to understand children with FASD, we must understand that the following have been brain domains have been affected: physical motor skills, sensory processing skills, cognition, communication skills, academic achievement, memory skills, executive function and abstract reasoning, attention deficit/ hyperactivity, and adaptive†¦show more content†¦This can lead to impulsivity, and manifests itself as bad behaviour, as consequences often do not offer the desired effect (â€Å"Special Education†, n.d.). Students with FASD often struggle in school due to this combination of behavioural issues, lowered IQ and the aforementioned cognitive impairment that generally results in learning disabilities. On the positive side, the impulsivity of FASD affected individuals means that every day is a fresh start; they can have a successful day even after having a string of bad ones. Students with FASD can also be very creative, talented, artistic, great story tellers, funny, and loving; they are bound to offer a classroom diversity and a new perspective. (â€Å"What Educators†, 7) Children affected by FASD often appear quite similar to any other child. Still, some physical indicators may include a characteristic thin upper lip, smooth philtrum (no grove between upper lip and nose), short eye slits, and flatter cheeks (â€Å"Conditions Factsheets†, 2014). FASD individuals are also often smaller than average. (Reardon) Diagnosis: FASD is very difficult to properly diagnose, as symptoms vary, and there is often little or no physical indication. On top of this, maternal confirmation of alcohol consumption is required to obtain a diagnosis, and due to the negative stigma related to the disability, mothers are often reluctant to divulge this information (â€Å"What Educators†.