Essay The Portrayal of Women in James Joyces Dubliners

In Dubliners, women are victims indeed. They are victims of home, of the recognized virtues by society, of classes of life, of religious doctrines, and of women themselves. In this essay, we are going to analyze the portrayal of women in Dubliners in terms of the aforementioned aspects, namely home, the recognized virtues by society, classes of life, religious doctrines and women themselves. The selection above is provided to make student aware of focus of the essay. The complete essay begins below. My mind rejects the whole present social order and Christianity – home, the recognized virtues, classes of life, and religious doctrines†¦. My mother was slowly killed, I think, by my father’s ill-treatment, by years of trouble, and†¦show more content†¦In case they do work outside, they just take up those junior or minor positions, often in the musical world or are just working for the sake of their families. In Eveline, for example, Eveline is entrapped in her home. She leads a hard life. She has to work hard both in home and at business. At home, she has to do all the household chores and look after her two younger brothers. In A Mother, we are introduced to another kind of women, a devoted and responsible wife and mother Mrs. Kearney. She is so proud of having a good husband and a happy family that sometimes she cannot help but show off in front of other women: My good man is packing us off to Skerries for a few weeks (P. 135). Mrs. Mooney in The Boarding House, on the contrary, is obviously far less fortunate than Mrs. Kearney. She is a victim of her husband, who is a drunkard and who often beats her, even before other people. It is often said that marriage is the extension of a family. Through marriage, one family is linked to another. In this regard, we have a third kind of women who are victims of the institution of marriage. In The Boarding House, Mrs. Mooney’s daughter Polly is the victim of the ingrained institution of marriage. After she learns of the affair between her daughter Polly and Mr. Doran, Mrs. Mooney forces him to marry her daughter in a rather tactful and cunning way: There had been no open complicity between mother and daughter, no open understanding but, thoughShow MoreRelated The Theme of Escape in James Joyce’s Dubliners Essay1073 Words   |  5 PagesThe Theme of Escape in James Joyce’s Dubliners In James Joyce’s Dubliners, the theme of escape tends to be a trend when characters are faced with critical decisions. Joyce’s novel presents a bleak and dark view of Ireland; his intentions by writing this novel are to illustrate people’s reasons to flee Ireland. In the stories â€Å"Eveline, â€Å"Counterparts†, and the â€Å"Dead†, characters are faced with autonomous decisions that shape their lives. This forlorn world casts a gloomy shadow overRead MoreAnalysis of The Novel Dubliners by James Joyce Essay1605 Words   |  7 Pages In response to his publishers suggested revisions to Dubliners, James Joyce elevated his rhetoric to the nearly Evangelical [and wrote]: I seriously believe that you will retard the course of civilization in Ireland by preventing the Irish people from having one good look in my nicely polished looking-glass1. A pivotal part of this looking-glass is Joyces representation of Dublin, which functions akin to an external unconsciousness in that a series of unrelated characters experience similarRead MoreA Similar Life Within A Story: Eveline by James Joyce1443 Words   |  6 PagesThe heartache of losing a loved one is indescribable. Many people live out their lives based off how that one person would want them to live. James Joyces short story, Eveline, is an example of how promises are hard to break. As James Joyce writes his stories, his characters and themes share similarities within his own life, giving them more value and much more meaning behind the importance of the story. To begin with, Eveline is the story of a young teenager facing a dilemma where she hasRead MoreEssay on Feminism in Dubliners1321 Words   |  6 Pages| Feminism in Dubliners | Mrs. Atkins; English A3 Tuesday, May 25, 2010 James Joyce’s book of short stories entitled Dubliners examines feminism and the role of women in Irish society. The author is ahead of his time by bringing women to the forefront of his stories and using them to show major roles and flaws in Irish society, specifically in â€Å"Eveline† and â€Å"The Boarding House†. James Joyce portrays women as victims who are forced to assume a leading and somewhat patriarchal role in theirRead MoreGender And Female Characters Of A City Poses Opportunities And Limitations2167 Words   |  9 PagesThe interaction of men and women in a city poses opportunities and limitations. The ideas about gender and how female and male characters are depicted in a story, together with gender behaviour, that have shifted over the years in different cities, positions and literary work. The Dubliners (1914) by James Joyce (1882-1941) demonstrate individuals trying to contest or escape paralysis in Dublin. A contrast from Langston Hughes (190 2-1967) with Pushcart Man , and Jack Kerouac with the The TownRead MoreLecture on Short Story5432 Words   |  22 Pagessystematic theme or purpose underlying the narrative. Although the short story has moved from the symbols and strict allegory of the myth and folk tale in favour of more â€Å"realistic† situations and characters (like poor Eveline and her predicament in Joyce’s story), the compression of its form along with its presentation of a character’s consciousness in a realistic setting has pushed meaning underneath. So that, often, when reading a short story, although we feel that there is certainly an underlyingRead MoreSexual Expression: Defining Joyce’s Characters Essays2201 Words   |  9 PagesSexual Expression: Defining Joyce’s Characters James Joyce uses sexuality throughout his works to establish an intimate and relatable bond between the reader and the characters in his works. All of Joyce’s works address issues in sexuality, which presents the idea that sexuality was of upmost importance to him. Given that sex is a large part of human existence, it is a good way to get the attention of the reader. A substantial amount of characters throughout Ulysses and A Portrait of the Artist asRead MoreThe taste of melon by borden deal11847 Words   |  48 Pagesand my melon for planting. She would eat the meat, and the next spring I would plant the seeds for the greatest melon crop in the world. Every day she would ask me if the great seed melon was ready yet.† I looked toward the house. I saw the two women, the mother and the daughter, standing there. I couldn’t bear any more. I fled out of the field toward the sanctuary of my house. I ran past my mother, standing on the porch, and went into my room. I didn’t sleep that night. I heard my father come

The Father Of Person Centered Therapy And Humanistic...

Carl Rogers is widely known as the father of person-centered therapy and humanistic psychology. He quietly revolutionized counseling theory and practice with his basic assumptions that â€Å"people are essentially trustworthy, that they have a vast potential for understanding themselves and resolving their own problems without direct intervention on the therapist’s part, and that they are capable of self-directed growth if they are involved in a specific kind of therapeutic relationship†. Rogers was a courageous pioneer who â€Å"was about 50 years ahead of his time and has been waiting for us to catch up† (Elkins, 2009, p. 20). Rogers is also known as the â€Å"father of psychotherapy research†, as he was the first to study the counseling process in†¦show more content†¦This obviously was a revolutionary idea at the time, which caused major disruption to the theoretical order (Corey, G. (2013). Theory and Practice of Counseling and Psychothera py, 10th Ed., p. 165-166). In the 1950’s, Rogers changed the name of his approach from non-directive counseling to client-centered therapy, which was focused on the client. In the 1950’s and 1960’s, Rogers and his colleagues conducted exhaustive research on behalf of his theory testing the client-centered notion of â€Å"how people best progress in psychotherapy†, and by studying how the client-therapist relationship is a catalyst for personality change. The next period, which evolved in the 1980’s and 1990’s, was centered around the expansion of education, groups, conflict resolution, industry, couples and families, politics and world peace, which in turn created and coined his theory as the person-centered approach (Corey, G. (2013)). Theory and Practice of Counseling and Psychotherapy, 10th Ed., p. 166-167). The next step in the evolution of person-centered therapy was Emotion-focused therapy, or EFT. This approach focused on the role of emotion in human functioning and psychotherapeutic change (Greenberg 2014, p. 15). Leslie Greenberg, who developed the approach, stated, â€Å"EFT is designed to help clients increase their awareness of their emotions and make productive use of them†.Show MoreRelatedHumanistic Theories Debate On Abraham Maslow And Carl Rogers1617 Words   |  7 Pages Humanistic Theories Debate Team B – Anthony Garcia, Becky Billison, Cher Keen, Britanie McKernan, Megan Groulx PSY/310 September 7, 2015 Dr. Sadie Fine â€Æ' Humanistic Theories Debate In the debate between Abraham Maslow and Carl Rogers, both whom are humanistic theorists that share a mutual interest in the teachings of self-actualization, will discuss the specifics of their individual theories regarding the main points, their contributions, and the criticism they have received about their theoriesRead MoreClient Centered Therapy And Rogerian Psychotherapy1323 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction Person center therapy has many names such as client-centered therapy, person-centered counseling and Rogerian psychotherapy. The theory I chose to write about is called person-centered theory. In this paper I will talk about the strength and weakness of this type of therapy. How is it used in today’s society and how it was used in the past. I will also talk about the developer of Person-center therapy. Carol Roger Carol Roger, the father of the humanistic movement in psychotherapy.Read MorePerson Centered Therapy : A Type Of Therapeutic Approach Essay1581 Words   |  7 Pagesthe father of psychology earned his title, there have been many different approaches to how and what therapies are best to use when treating a range of clients. Freud, Erickson, Maslow, and Carl Rogers are some of the few that recognized an importance in a type of therapeutic approach. However, while each man has their own different take on therapeutic approach, the main thing that is unavoidable between them all is that the beginning of healing starts with self. Person Centered Therapy Person CenteredRead MoreCarl Roger s First Career Choice891 Words   |  4 PagesDiego, California. Growing up His father, Walter A. Rogers, was a civil engineer and his mother, Julia M. Cushing, was a homemaker and serious Pentecostal Christian. Carl was the fourth of their six children. Rogers was very intelligent and could read well before kindergarten. Following an education in a strict religious and ethical environment as an altar boy at the vicarage of Jimply, and he had become a rather isolated, self-determining, and disciplined person, and acquired a knowledge and an appreciationRead MoreHistory And Theory : Freud And Rogers1125 Words   |  5 PagesHISTORY AND THEORY – Freud and Rogers Sigmund Freud and Carl Rogers are two extremely renowned individuals who have greatly contributed to the history of psychology. Their contributions are the foundation for the tools, techniques, and methodologies used by psychologist today. Although, each psychologist is from different times and developed different methods, they shared a passion for the workings of the human mind. As a result, their drive and foundation has motivated and prompted new theoriesRead MoreCarl R. Rogers : The Founding Father Of Person Centered Therapy1605 Words   |  7 PagesRogers is known as the founding father of person-centered therapy. He was born in Oak Park, Illinois, in 1902 to a devoted Christian and a civil engineer (Rogers, Kirschenbaum, Land, 2001). In 1922 Rogers began to doubt his religious teaching from early on in life, he sought a more liberal education at the Union Theological Seminary (Rogers, Kirschenbaum, Land, 2001). After two years he left to attend Columbia University to study clinical and education psychology. Rogers went on to write fourRead MoreA Person Centered Theory By Carl R. Rogers1584 Words   |  7 PagesPerson-Centered Theory Carl R. Rogers is known as the founding father of person-centered therapy. He was born in Oak Park, Illinois, in 1902 to a devoted Christian and a civil engineer (Rogers, Kirschenbaum, Land, 2001). In 1922 Rogers began to doubt his religious teaching from early on in life, he sought a more liberal education at the Union Theological Seminary (Rogers, Kirschenbaum, Land, 2001). After two years he left to attend Columbia University to study clinical and education psychologyRead MoreHumanistic Psychology : Psychology And Psychology1748 Words   |  7 PagesHumanistic Psychology is a psychological sub-field which became prominent in the 20th century as a response to the limitations of the psychoanalytic theory and behaviorism (Cherry, n.d.). The main purpose is to help patients gain a belief that all people are inheritably good. Its roots starts with Socrates and emphasizes an individual’s inherent drive towards self-actualization. Humanistic psychology utilizes a holistic appro ach to human existence and focuses on things such as creativity, free willRead MoreComparing and Contrasting Psychoanalytic and Existential/Humanistic Perspectives4364 Words   |  18 Pagesdecipher one’s personality. Those two are the psychoanalytic perspective and the existential/humanistic perspective. Both perspectives are equally important as they play a major role in understanding personality in different ways and explaining them as well. Freud’s psychoanalysis helps us to understand the individual’s personality from its early years right up to adulthood while existential and humanistic theorists postulate the interpretation that personality changes throughout the lifetime. TheRead MoreEssay about Contrast Effective Biblical Counseling Concepts1412 Words   |  6 Pagesothers. Beyond the worldly challenges, a Christian counselor also faces humanistic therapeutic false views of secular therapy. Christian counselors maintain a focal point in guiding peop le to living a life that is full of spiritual richness and maturity. Yet, secular therapist focuses on self-gratification and self-actualization. As Christian ministry helpers, you must be living by the truth and exemplify a Christ-centered life. Crabb (1977) developed a counseling model that teaches us how to

Principles Economics Pearson Higher Sloman -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Principles Economics Pearson Higher Sloman? Answer: Introducation A monopoly that is different from perfectly competitive firms is able to influence the price of good and are able to generate positive economic profit. A perfectly competitive firm faces a single market price that is represented by the horizontal demand or marginal revenue curve. As a monopoly consists of the market to itself, it faces the downward sloping market demand curve (Taussig, 2013). An important consequence in the present case is that typically a monopoly chooses higher price and lower quantity of output than a price a taking company. For instance the market demand in 2199 for plutonium engine is Q=30-2. This represents that when the price is one, the market demand will be 28 plutonium engines, simultaneously when the price is two the market demand for plutonium engine will be 26 and so on. As evident that all the firms maximize profit by setting marginal cost equivalent to the marginal revenue. Graphically, the company can find the monopoly price output and profit by examining the demand, marginal cost and marginal revenue curves. Therefore, Future Unlimited Corporations can set the output at the level where the marginal cost is equal to the marginal revenue. Price is however, determined by the demand for the plutonium engine when the quantity is produced. As the monopolys marginal revenue is always underneath the demand curve and the price will be always above the marginal cost at equilibrium, which ultimately provides the firm with an economic profit (Sloman et al., 2016). Therefore, monopolies can influence th e price of a good by altering the level of output that ultimately allows them to make an economic profit. Figure 1: Figure illustrating Monopoly Pricing (Source: Taussig, 2013) For example, electricity Supply Company a large part of cost is required for investment. This creates a barrier to entry since it reduces the possibility of new entrants into the industry irrespective of the earnings of the company. Therefore, such kind of monopolies can influence the price of the electricity supply by altering the level of output that ultimately allows them to make an economic profit. Future unlimited corporation constitutes of the entire industry in monopoly. Hence, there is no such requirement for any kind of separate analysis of equilibrium of organization and industry in case of the monopoly. The main objective of the monopolist is to generate maximum profit as of the producer in the perfect competition. Different from the perfect competition, the equilibrium under the monopoly can be attained at the point where the profit is maximum. Therefore, to undertake the decision of price and output Future Unlimited Corporation will go for producing additional units of output as long as the marginal revenue of the company is greater than the Marginal cost to earn maximum profit. Figure 2: Figure illustrating monopoly equilibrium (Source: Sloman et al., 2013) Tariff and import quota Tariff and quota both are protectionists measure devised by the government of a nation to prevent free trade. These measures aimed at restricting the flow of foreign goods in the nation either through increasing its price or through restricting quantity of imported goods. To increase the price of import a tax is imposed on the imported goods. In order to consume that good consumer has to pay a price inclusive of the tax rate (Case et al., 2014). This is known as tariff. On the other hand in times of quantity restriction amount of imported goods are strictly restricted. The fixed amount is called quota. Tariff and quota both create distortion in terms of reducing consumer surplus as compared to free trade. Still tariff is more preferable than quota. In tariff foreign goods can enter in the nation as before as there is no entry restriction. Consumers are in a position to consume the good by paying a high price. On the other hand in times of quota there is no scope to consume the good beyond the fixed amount. Moreover, tariff generates additional revenue for the government. Government can then spend this additional revenue for the well being of consumer. While in quota there is no such possibility of revenue generation. The impacts of tariff and import quota are described in the following diagrams Figure 3: Figure showing effect of tariff (Source: Case et al., 2014) In figure 3, it is shown that imposition of tariff rise the price from P world to P tariff. Tax revenues generated is clearly visible from the diagram Figure 4: effect of import quota (Source: Stiglitz et al., 2013) Imposition of quota restricts import quantity to Q2Q3. As a result, price increase but there is no areas of government revenues. There is only distortion from this policy. For example, in 2011 U.S government had taken policy of imposing tariff on imported goods. With tariff government attained tariff revenue of amount $28.6 billion. The revenue would not be generated if government there adapted the policy of import quota. Opportunity Cost The opportunity cost of gloves is lower in Russia as 4. On the other hand opportunity cost of Hats is lower in Panama as 2. Two countries should engage in trade if they have opportunity cost in two different items. Then, trade is beneficial for both the nation. Here, Russia has a comparative advantage in producing gloves as it has to sacrifice only units of hats to produce one unit of hat as compared to 4 units of hat in Panama. Similar is the case for Panama while considering Hats production. Thus, it is beneficial for the countries to engage in free trade and in free trade Russia should export gloves and import hats while Panama should export hats and import gloves. Example: In the following table production possibilities of textile and Books in UK and India are presented From the table opportunity cost of textiles in UK is while in India it is 4/3. The opportunity cost is lower in UK. Thus, UK has a comparative advantage in UK. On the other hand, opportunity cost of books in India is 3/2 and in UK, it is 4. Thus, opportunity cost is lower in India in production of book. Thus, India has comparative advantage in Book. In free trade situation, India exports book while UK exports textiles, Reference List: Case, K. E., Fair, R. C., Oster, S. (2014).Principles of economics. Pearson Higher Ed. Sloman, J., Norris, K., Garrett, D. (2013).Principles of economics. Pearson Higher Education AU. Stiglitz, J. E., Walsh, C. E., Gow, J., Guest, R., Richmond, W., Tani, M. (2013).Principles of economics. John Wiley Sons. Taussig, F. W. (2013).Principles of economics(Vol. 2). Cosimo, Inc..

Self-Directed Learning free essay sample

The world of learning today is very much different from what it was in the past. The process of learning has endured vast changes that it is inevitable for students not to trail its rapid changes. Todays information age is accompanied by an exponential increase in factual knowledge with rapid change and modification of that knowledge (LeJeune 2001). Learning, in the information age, demands learners not to be passive or stative but to progress forward in line with the fast development of the current situation in order to succeed. With the constant change in knowledge and technology, it is impossible for learners to obtain all that they need to know Just within the confinement of the four walls of the classroom or Just from the input of teachers in the classroom. While the role of teachers as the main provider of knowledge in the classroom is important, it is equally important for the students themselves to take the initiative to obtain new knowledge. We will write a custom essay sample on Self-Directed Learning or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In this new situation, students must know how to learn every day, how to adapt to rapidly shifting circumstances and how to take independent initiative when pportunity disappears (Gibbons 2002). The key word is self-directed learning (SDL) and this is the concept that will be able to help learners to keep up with the constantly changing world. Learners should be active and moving forward to be at par with the emergence of new knowledge. Self-directed learning, a concept that is strongly linked with adult education has become the objective of university education everywhere. Many universities are now placing specific emphasis on the development of self-directed learning as one of he primary goals of university education (Norzaini Azman et al. 003). Norzaini clarifies that as self-directed learners, students should have the ability to identify and set goals for their learning, develop and use a wide range of learning strategies, work independently and/or with others and persist to overcome obstacles in order to achieve their learning goals. More specifically, self-directed learnings emphasis on personal autonomy, personal responsibility and personal growth embodies some of the most fundamental principles of higher education (Wilcox 1996). However, if students are expected to be self-directed learners, they have to be prepared for it. It is important that students are prepared with the foundations of self-directed learning that eventually will lead them to be effective lifelong learners. The interest should be nurtured for the learners to develop a positive attitude towards learning and their own ability to learn (Schrader-Naef 1999). Although this is a concept synonymous to adult education, it is no longer limited to them. This feature is also reflected in the Malaysian Educational Policy. The importance of self-directed learning can be linked to one of the aims stated in the National Education Policy (1979) that is to produce more autonomous learners to direct their own learning successfully. Hiemstra (1994) acknowledges that self- directed learning embodies the view that self-directed learners appear able to transfer learning, in terms of both knowledge and study skill, from one situation to another. Generally, this ability enables learners to manage and monitor their own learning. Jacob and Farrell (2001) in their article Paradigm Shift: Understanding and Implementing Change in Second Language Education touch on the importance of learner autonomy in language learning. They state that learners should be responsible for their own learning; the teacher no longer shoulders the entire burden of running the classroom and a form of democratization takes place with the students taking on more rights and responsibilities for their own learning. They further explain that eventually, as learners are aware of their current situation, they will be able to determine the best possible strategies to be used, develop new strategies or refine present one, so as to ecome better learners. Assessing the view forwarded by Jacob and Farrell, one will see the reflection of self-directed learning concept embedded in it. Generally speaking, it can be assumed that self-directed learners whom are said to encapsulate the ability to direct their own learning should also possess good language learning strategies (LLS). If they are able to plan and direct their overall learning goals, self-directed learners should be able to direct themselves in learning a second language. Judging both concepts of self-directed learning and language learning trategies, both concepts appear to overlap one another, with the former being more dominant. The concept of self-directed learning is reflected in Chamots (2001) explanation on language learning strategies that learners have to contribute to their own process to learn a second language in their own use of learning strategies or the techniques or the procedures that facilitate a learning task. In this focus, the learners are no longer seen as passive learners, awaiting instructions and being spoon-fed by the teacher and the teacher no longer becomes the dominant provider of learning. Brockett et al. (2000 in Stockdale et al. 001) lamented that of late there has been a steady decline in work related to self-directed learning, but it is inarguable how the concept of self-directed learning is still placed at the heart of learning and a process of revitalizing it is very much vital. In her article on self-directed learning, Mardziah (2001) enlightens on how self-directed learning allows learner to be more effective learners as well as social beings and also it helps learners to p ursue their own interests so that learning becomes more meaningful. In learning a language too, a teacher dependent method will Just produce a receptive learner which is not an ideal condition for language learners since it is a cumulative process (Michiko 2002). Furthermore, Michiko adds that it is important for language learners to be autonomous language learners. Realizing the benefits of self-directed learning and language learning readiness of self-directed learning of a batch of young adults attending pre- university education in a private college and also to gauge their ability in using language learning strategies in learning English.

Jerusalem Crickets, Family Stenopelmatidae

Jerusalem Crickets, Family Stenopelmatidae Seeing a Jerusalem cricket for the first time can be an unsettling experience, even to those who arent prone to entomophobia. They look somewhat like giant, muscular ants with humanoid heads and dark, beady eyes. Although Jerusalem crickets (family Stenopelmatidae) are indeed quite large, theyre generally harmless. We know relatively little about their life history, and many species remain unnamed and undescribed. What Jerusalem Crickets Look Like Did you ever play the board game Cootie as a child? Imagine turning over a rock, and finding a Cootie come to life, staring up at you with a menacing expression! Thats how people often discover their first Jerusalem cricket, so its no surprise that these insects have earned many nicknames, none of them particularly endearing. In the 19th century, people used the expression Jerusalem! as an expletive, and thats believed to be the origin of the common name. People also believed (incorrectly) that these odd insects with human faces were highly venomous and potentially lethal, so they were given nicknames rife with superstition and fear: skull insects, bone neck beetles, old bald-headed man, face of a child, and child of the Earth (Nià ±o de la Tierra in Spanish-speaking cultures). In California, theyre most often called potato bugs, for their habit of nibbling on potato plants. In entomology circles, theyre also called sand crickets or stone crickets. Jerusalem crickets range in length from a respectable 2 cm to an impressive 7.5 cm (about 3 inches) and can weigh as much as 13 g. Most of these flightless crickets are brown or tan in color but have a striped abdomen with alternating bands of black and light brown. Theyre quite plump, with robust abdomens and large, round heads. Jerusalem crickets lack venom glands, but they do have powerful jaws and can inflict a painful bite if mishandled. Some species in Central America and Mexico can jump to flee from danger. When they reach sexual maturity (adulthood), males can be differentiated by females by the presence of a pair of black hooks at the tip of the abdomen, between the cerci. On an adult female, youll find the ovipositor, which is darker on the underside and located below the cerci. How Jerusalem Crickets Are Classified Kingdom – AnimaliaPhylum – ArthropodaClass – InsectaOrder – OrthopteraFamily - Stenopelmatidae What Jerusalem Crickets Eat Jerusalem crickets feed on organic matter in the soil, both living and dead. Some may scavenge, while others are thought to hunt other arthropods. Jerusalem crickets also practice cannibalism on occasion, particularly when confined together in captivity. Females will often eat their male partners after consummating the relationship (much like the sexual cannibalism of female praying mantids, which is better known). The Life Cycle of  Jerusalem Crickets   Like all of the Orthoptera, Jerusalem crickets undergo incomplete or simple metamorphosis. The mated female oviposits eggs a few inches deep in the soil. Young nymphs usually appear in the fall, less often in the spring. After molting, the nymph eats the cast skin to recycle its precious minerals. Jerusalem crickets require perhaps a dozen molts, and almost two full years to reach adulthood. In some species or climates, they may need up to three years to complete the life cycle. Special Behaviors of  Jerusalem Crickets   Jerusalem crickets will wave their spiny hind legs in the air to repel any perceived threats. Their concern is not without merit, because most predators cant resist such a fat, easy-to-catch insect. They are an important source of nutrition for bats, skunks, foxes, coyotes, and other animals. Should a predator manage to yank its leg loose, the Jerusalem cricket nymph can regenerate the missing limb over successive molts. During courtship, both male and female Jerusalem crickets drum their abdomens to call receptive mates. The sound travels through the soil and can be heard via special auditory organs on the crickets legs. Where Jerusalem Crickets  Live In the U.S., Jerusalem crickets inhabit western states, especially those along the Pacific Coast. Members of the family Stenopelmatidae are also well established in Mexico and Central America and are sometimes found as far north as British Columbia. They seem to prefer habitats with damp, sandy soils, but can be found from coastal dunes to cloud forests. Some species are restricted to such limited dune systems that they may warrant special protection, lest their habitat be adversely impacted by human activities. Sources: Jerusalem Crickets (Orthoptera, Stenopelmatidae), by David B. Weissman, Amy G. Vandergast, and Norihimo Ueshima. From Encyclopedia of Entomology, edited by John L. Capinera.Borror and DeLongs Introduction to the Study of Insects, 7th edition, by Charles A. Triplehorn and Norman F. Johnson.BACKYARD MONSTERS? NOPE, JERUSALEM CRICKETS!, by Arthur V. Evans, Whats Bugging You?. Accessed March 4, 2013.Family Stenopelmatidae - Jerusalem Crickets, Bugguide.net. Accessed March 4, 2013.Jerusalem Crickets, California Academy of Sciences. Accessed March 4, 2013.Jerusalem Cricket, San Diego Museum of Natural History. Accessed March 4, 2013.

Annotated Bibliography on Thoreaus essay Resistance to Civil Government †English Literature Essay

Annotated Bibliography on Thoreaus essay Resistance to Civil Government – English Literature Essay Free Online Research Papers The idea that I am pursuing in this annotated bibliography is whether or not the ideas suggested by Henry David Thoreau in his essay â€Å"Resistance to Civil Government† are actually anarchy. To do this, I first found a definition of anarchy in Webster’s Dictionary. It defines anarchy as a lack of government in a state; lawlessness; confusion. Upon beginning research, I found that Thoreau’s essay was also published under the title â€Å"Civil Disobedience† and that most critics call it that. Eulau, Heinz â€Å"Wayside Challenger: Some Remarks on the Politics of Henry David Thoreau.† Thoreau: A Collection of Critical Essays. (1959): 117-130 Heinz Eulau writes that Thoreau â€Å"refused to vote because he considered the democratic ballet an ineffective political instrument† (119). Eulau says that Thoreau called for a better government at once, not for government to end at once. Eulau also says that â€Å"Such a government would anticipate and provide for reform, cherish its â€Å"wise minority† and encourage its citizens to be on the alert to point out its faults.† Thoreau is demanding a government that protects and serves its people, not itself. He probably saw the government not wanting to abolish slavery as one of the many ways that government works for government and not for the people it governs, because slavery kept a lot of money in the right places for the government. Eulau also says that Thoreau’s politics could not be brought into literal use because they were ambiguous. He says that Thoreau could not recognize why his ideas could not work â€Å"because he fell back, again and again, on the principle of individual conscience as the sole valid guide in the political action† (120). This, according to Eulau, is in conflict with the democratic principle of majority rule. I think that if the people were of the high conscience Thoreau assumed, then their majority would be of the same high conscience and thus they would make moral and just decisions for everyone. It’s too bad that the level of conscience Thoreau believed in does not exist for the majority of people today. Edel, Leon. Henry David Thoreau. (1970): 47p Leon Edel says that the essay â€Å"Civil Disobedience† is written to set up Thoreau’s argument for â€Å"men to offer noncompliance when their conscience dictates it† (38). He says that this idea in practice â€Å"has proved to be a passive way of making revolution† (38). Edel is focusing on Thoreau’s essay as a way of making changes, rather than a call for government to end. He argues that â€Å"passive resistance† does not work in all situations, saying that Nazis in tanks would surely run over people sitting in the road to protest them. He also says, â€Å"Thoreau’s civil disobedience presupposes a high state of conscience† (38). While I don’t share the same faith in man that Thoreau did, I do believe that if the high state of conscience he believed in could be achieved that his ideas would work. Edel also says, â€Å"Whether the personal anarchism Thoreau preached is possible in every age remains to be seenâ⠂¬  (39). I think that he is saying that by living the way he did, Thoreau achieved his own personal anarchy, while still being under the United States government. To use anarchy in this way would imply that it means freedom on an individual level, which is in some ways obtainable today, but everyone still must abide by laws. Glick, Wendell. â€Å"Civil Disobedience’: Thoreau’s Attack upon Relativism.† Western Humanities Review, Vol. VII No. 1 (1952): 35-42. Wendell Glick writes that Thoreau is calling only for a government that governs not at all when men are prepared for it. Glick says that Thoreau is addressing those no-government men the anarchists and extremists. According to Glick, Thoreau believed that these men fail to take into consideration the imperfection of the human species. So if Thoreau is calling for anarchy, he is not calling for anarchy as we think of it today. His anarchy is more like a utopian society, which can only exist when men become enlightened enough to govern themselves. Glick says that Thoreau considered governments only temporary arrangements whose purpose are to keep order until â€Å"the development of the individual should make them no longer necessary† (38). Glick adds â€Å"Thoreau did not object to government per se† (38). According to Glick, Thoreau was so angry at the tendency of government to â€Å"substitute the principal of social utility for the principle of absolute rightà ¢â‚¬  (38). I agree with Glick’s arguments that Thoreau did not totally write off government all together. Thoreau realized that the situation he wanted was not possible at his time, but he was very optimistic about the possibility of it occurring in the future. Kazin, Alfrid. Henry David Thoreau: Studies and Commentaries. Fairleigh Dickinson University Press. (1972): 34-52. Alfrid Kazin says that Thoreau knew no Negroes and had never been oppressed; yet he claimed strong opposition to slavery. Kazin uses this to argue that Thoreau was an idealist whose ideas existed only in principle and not reality. He also says that Thoreau â€Å"proposed to teach others to be as free of society as himself† (44). Being free of society is hardly a synonym for anarchy. Kazin states that Thoreau â€Å"affirms the absolute right of the individual to obey his own conscience in defiance of an unknown law† (44). Disobeying a law is hardly anarchy, but could an argument not be made that obeying an unjust law is closer to anarchy? Democracy is based on government by the people, and not governing oneself by obeying an unjust law would then fit the definition of lawlessness (for oneself) in anarchy. Kazin quotes Thoreau as saying, â€Å"Under a government which imprisons any unjustly, the true place for a just man is in prison† (44). Thoreau is obvio usly making a reference to himself here, but I think that he cannot expect a perfect society in any shape or form, which is implied when he says that no one should be unjustly imprisoned. If imprisonment is to be used as punishment at all, human error will ensure that there will always be wrongfully imprisoned persons. Krutch, Joseph Wood. Henry David Thoreau. (1948): 298p Joseph Krutch writes that Thoreau â€Å"calls upon all honest men to do what he has done and to refuse active or even symbolical support to the state which countenances the nefarious institution of slavery† (134). Krutch also says that Thoreau is angry with those that feel they have done their part by just voting for the right person. I think Thoreau felt that no one was capable of leading everyone in the right way all the time and so all authority should be challenged. Krutch says that â€Å"Thoreau was not unaware of the fact that he assumed the existence of these conditions, and it certainly did not seem to him, as it seemed to certain of his critics, that the assumptions invalidated the argument† (136). Here he is referring to Thoreau’s assumption that man is in a high enough state of conscience to govern himself. This would suggest that Thoreau knew his ideas could not work in his time, and maybe not at any time. However, he still wanted to express wha t might be the best way to do things under ideal conditions, in hopes that they might drive man farther towards them. This I agree with, as I think Thoreau knew the limitations of man then and was writing idealistically about a better way to live. Madison, Charles A. â€Å"Henry David Thoreau: Transcendental Individualist.† Ethics, Vol. IV No. 2 (1944): 110-123. Charles Madison says that Thoreau â€Å"gravitated toward the principles of philosophical anarchism† (114). This would suggest that Thoreau wasn’t demanding exactly what he wrote about, but instead trying to get people to think and to resist that which they feel is wrong. He says that Thoreau’s reasoning is that the individual and not the state is the best judge of right and wrong. I think Thoreau assumes that all people can differentiate between right and wrong. I slightly disagree with him here because some people cannot see right and wrong. That being said, Thoreau also seems to think that all people will use their judgement of right and wrong to make good moral decisions. This does not work at all in today’s society, as many people can make the distinction but won’t follow through with the right action. I don’t see how society could have been that much different in Thoreau’s day. Madison says that Thoreau knew that men need ed government as long as greed and passion overtook them. This would again reiterate the idea of â€Å"philosophical anarchism,† which may be of better use as a teacher than it would be in practice. Nelson, William Stuart. â€Å"Thoreau and American Non-Violent Resistance.† Thoreau in Our Season. (1967): 14-18. William Nelson writes â€Å"It is yet to dawn fully upon the participants in sit-ins, freedom rides and other recent forms of non-violent resistance in the United States how deeply indebted they are to Henry David Thoreau† (14). He says that Thoreau â€Å"conceded that government is a present necessity but held that governments by their very nature are prone to err† (14). Thoreau would then not be calling for anarchy, but for a check to the errors of government by the people of a nation. Nelson says that what Thoreau really wants is â€Å"the assertion of the right of conscience in the presence of the rule of law† (15). I agree with this, as I think Thoreau was fine with law as long as it was just and moral. If the law is not just and moral, then man should resist until it is changed. Nelson says, â€Å"Civil resistance is not necessarily invoked against every law which is regarded as bad† (15). This reiterates that Thoreau did not mind all laws, ju st those that his conscience deemed unjust. Nichols, Charles H. â€Å"Thoreau on the Citizen and His Government.† PHYLON: The Atlanta University Review of Race and Culture, Vol. XIII No. 1 (1952): 19-24. Charles Nichols writes that Thoreau refused the government at his time any cooperation, while he stated his allegiance to a higher law. He says that the higher law Thoreau was looking for can be found in nature. Looking for any law at all would suggest that anarchy is not what Thoreau wanted. Anarchy by definition is the absence of laws. Thoreau did say, however, â€Å"he who lives by the highest law is in one sense lawless.† Thoreau meant that by living under the law of nature, a person is free. Nichols says â€Å"to vote thus for a man or measure with no consideration of what is morally right is to participate in a series of crimes against humanity (20). I think that voting for politicians or laws without morally judging them would bring about a state far worse than anarchy. Nichols says that the individuals Thoreau speaks of, the ones, who could and should govern themselves, would surely support a government that sought to establish and maintain justice. This would suggest that Thoreau just wants a better government, not anarchy. Saalbach, Robert Palmer. â€Å"Thoreau and Civil Disobedience.† Ball State University Forum Vol. XIII No. 4 (1972): 18-24. Robert Saalbach gives a definition of society, which to him is â€Å"a system of mutually accepted rules of conduct limiting the behavior of individuals† (19). He argues that without these rules there is not a society, but a collection of individuals that do not know how to act in reference to others. He also says that society is a game and cannot be played without rules. I think that rules are needed for society today, only because there are those that cannot and will not think for themselves, as well as those that are purely evil. Saalbach says, â€Å"Thoreau assumes that the law always follows expediency while conscience always follows the right† (20). I agree that Thoreau assumed that every person’s conscience always follows the right, but I think he realized that people don’t always follow their conscience. He felt that is what every person should strive for, realizing that some people do not follow a strict morality. Saalbach also argues that law and right cannot be distinguished from each other. I do not agree with this, as law can be something just to further the wants of those in power, which is not necessarily right. Vivas, Eliso. â€Å"Thoreau: The Paradox of Youth.† The New Student Vol. 7 No. 23 (1928): 5-8 Eliso Vivas says of Thoreau â€Å"He was an anarchist because he saw the essential uselessness of government† (5). I don’t think seeing government as useless necessarily labels a person an anarchist. Vivas says that Thoreau suggests that men only keep government around because they are afraid to do without its protection. Vivas says that Thoreau never felt a need for government because he was willing to share anything he owned with anyone. A society without government, but with people sharing everything they own does not sound like anarchy to me, although by definition it would be. Vivas uses the term â€Å"self-sufficient† to describe Thoreau and his ideas for a non-government. A society of self-sufficient individuals doesn’t sound like anarchy to me either. However, Thoreau was the exception and not the rule. Most people in my opinion could not deal with that kind of society. All of this information points to one thing and that is that Thoreau contradicts himself in his essay Civil Disobedience.† If he really wants no government at all, then he is calling for anarchy, but if he is only calling for this when man has a high enough conscience level, then it would not be the anarchy that I have defined. I think his main intention was to have people question the government, not to just take whatever it gives them. By saying that no government would be best, he drew attention to his essay because people are drawn to extremes. By just looking at it on the surface, I might call it anarchy, but I think Thoreau was calling for a kind of society that we don’t even have a word for, because we can’t see how it could exist. Research Papers on Annotated Bibliography on Thoreau's essay "Resistance to Civil Government" - English Literature EssayQuebec and CanadaBringing Democracy to AfricaComparison: Letter from Birmingham and Crito19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraAssess the importance of Nationalism 1815-1850 EuropePETSTEL analysis of IndiaCapital PunishmentThe Effects of Illegal ImmigrationNever Been Kicked Out of a Place This NiceRelationship between Media Coverage and Social and

Islamic Empires Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Islamic Empires - Assignment Example This displays the compactness and discipline of the ancient sultan community. The Topkapi palace Harem also captured my attention. Harem displays the secrecy of the Sultans. The creation of the harem is done with the consideration of secrecy and privacy. For the sultan housed in the harem, they are provided with all hospitable requirements such as kitchens and bathrooms (The Topkapi Palace Museum). As one enters the Topkapi Palace the harem captures one view as it differentiation from other building makes it beautiful. A view of the palace attires and garments is also captivating. In this section, the costumes and attires by the Sultans are displayed. The costumes portray the original picture of fashion. The attires are exceptionally woven to depict both superiority and sacredness of the sultans. In the Palace, the Chambers of the Sacred Relics is also captivating. The chambers consist of all relics since 1517 (The Topkapi Palace Museum). All relics presented are of great value to the ancient community that resided in the palace. The most significant relic in the chambers is the Prophet Bamboo bow. In addition, the chamber has all the swords used religious leaders and the first four Caliphs. The chambers display the massive history of the era leading to the creation and development of the Palace. In addition, the chambers provide a person with an understanding of the role relics used by leaders in the ancient community. The imperial treasury also bears great significance in the palace. The treasury is divided into four areas, the treasury salon I, II, III and IV. Each treasure salon housed different relics and gifts. One major treasure in the chambers is the gifts presented to Prophet Mohammed (The Topkapi Palace Museum). The collection in the treasure is vast and captivating. All the important relics in the palace were conserved in the treasury which provides a visit understand the community of the

Roots of Constructivist Education Traced to Piagetian Theories Coursework

Roots of Constructivist Education Traced to Piagetian Theories - Coursework Example This project declares that the field of Education has much to be thankful for and that includes Jean Piaget. He has come up with complex theories that he was able to dissect for educators to understand and apply to their learners. His theories have great implications in curriculum design and understanding how children learn best. His work with Vygotsky in formulating the foundations of constructivism is now benefitting thousands of classrooms all over the world. It has been successful in gaining respect for children’s learning. A child learns best when he finds enjoyment in what he is doing, thus learning should be fun. This essay makes a conclusion that Piaget was someone who thought ahead of his time and present-day educators and learners are enjoying the fruits of his labor. His theories have opened a variety of alternatives in educational strategies. The effective teacher can discern which learning strategy would be most appropriate on a case-to-case basis. Imbedded in her are hidden agendas for making her students reach their optimum learning potentials and in effect, the development of a healthy self-esteem. She is aware that she is just an instrument in assisting the students to gain knowledge, and not the source of knowledge herself. She is on hand to ignite the spark of interest and motivation of her students. It is now up to the students themselves to turn that spark into a burning flame that would keep them fired up for more learning.

In a Dark Time by Theodore Roethke Essay Example for Free

In a Dark Time by Theodore Roethke Essay In the first stanza of the poem â€Å"In a Dark Time†, the reader gets the sense that not only is the author describing himself using â€Å"dark† visuals including â€Å"shadow† and â€Å"shade†, but that he is using natural scenery as well in order to set the audience up for the rest of the poem. The same line that contains those visuals also would seem to impart a certain time of day, dusk. This could also be thought of as a way for the reader to get a sense of where the author is at, reflecting on his own mind. This idea is furthered by the statements of â€Å"meeting his (own) shadow†, and when he hears his own shadow. The second stanza really goes into a faster pace, as the author begins to describe to the reader his inner feelings. By questioning his own definition of madness, and going into despair, he shows the reader that part of his mind is very confused, yet he knows that he is in the middle of whatever is going on. Again he questions, is his place in the â€Å"rocks† a cave or path, and he states that â€Å"The edge is what I have. † which seems like a way for him to again be in the middle of his situation. The third stanza continues with the natural descriptions of being outside in a natural setting during the night, or perhaps during an eclipse. Again, this could be just another way for the author to let his audience know what frame of mind his is in. Referring to the title of the poem, â€Å"In a Dark Time†, it would make sense that this writing is coming from the author during a time in his life in which he was questioning himself. This line of thinking continues to be the main point as he goes on to say, â€Å"A man goes far to find out what he is -, Death of the self in a long, tearless night,†. Whatever has happened to the author, he is unsure of himself and the changes that are occurring in his life at that moment. In the fourth stanza, he still proclaims how confused he his with himself, by the statement â€Å"Which I is I? † The reader is left to contemplate where the authors sense of self lies. The last three lines seem to show that the author has decided to have his mind come together and be one with itself, which leaves the author to be â€Å"free in the tearing wind. †

History the is fake! :: essays research papers

WAR IMMINENT: Spain and America to Fight After a recent publication in our sister publication, the New York Journal, a letter from the Spanish Minister de Lome to President McKinley, tensions rose to a point of combustion. Citizens all over the United States have complained about the insulting message contained within the letter from the Minister. This letter ridiculed McKinley, and lead to the eventual resignation of this Spanish Minister de Lome. Another catalyst that added to growing American distaste for the Spanish was the destruction of the battleship, the USS Maine. Although the source remains unknown for sure, we’re positive here at The Chronicle that the dastardly Spaniards committed this heinous crime. Many valuable American lives, as well as other less valuable foreign lives, were lost due to the explosion onboard the gunship. This blatant attack   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  on an American Naval vessel is definite grounds for a war with the Spaniards. In response to the att ack on the Maine, the United States Congress has raised an emergency fund of $50 million for President McKinley to do with as he pleases in order to fight the war that they declared also following the destruction of the Maine. Congress, through this declaration of war, desired to repay the indignation bestowed upon the US by Spain and to also help free the Spanish colonies of Guam, Cuba, the Philippines, and Puerto Rico. The main catalyst that escalated this war was very much to the â€Å"Yellow Journalism† produced by such newspapers such this one, but also by others such as the New York Journal, the San Francisco Chronicle, and even by very reputable newspapers like the New York Times.

Langston Hughes Poems Analysis Essay

Langston Hughes purpose of these sets of poems was to outline the current condition for African Americans at that time, and also to display his desires and present the ideal conditions for African Americans. Below are several of his poems that has symbology and reflects and demonstrates his desires and ideals. In my opinion, Dream Variations demonstrates Hughes desire for African Americans to be able to enjoy the pleasures of life as white people did. When he says â€Å"to whirl and to dance till the white day is done† he is speaking of being able to be free, dancing and â€Å"flinging your arms† is demonstrative of freedom and an open expression of freedom. Then be able to rest at night and have a sense of peace of mind, knowing that African Americans have the same opportunities that White Americans experienced. In Hughes’s poem Prayer Meeting, he displays a sense of hope and longing for improvement in African Americans lives and wanted African Americans to be free from oppression. â€Å"Glory! Hallelujah! The dawn’s a-comin† demonstrates that freedom from oppression is on the horizon and that African Americans should rejoice. The setting of this poem in religion also demonstrates a sense of hope since religion is often sought after to achieve a sense of hope. In Song of the Revolution, this poem uses the symbology of the American Revolution as another call for freedom from oppression, however this is freedom from the oppression of White America. â€Å"Marching like fire over the world, weaving from the earth its bright red banner† uses fire as a symbol for hope and courage and the use of a red banner as conviction and steadfastness. In the third stanza, which states â€Å"Breaking the bond of the darker races, breaking the chains that have held for years, breaking the barriers dividing the people, smashing the gods of terror and tears† This stanza serves as a call to arms for African Americans. This stanza is less symbolic and cryptic than the others. â€Å"smashing the gods of terror and tears† is the freedom from rulers and the establishment which has wronged and oppressed them. He wants a unity of the races and a freedom and lack of oppression. In Let America Be America Again, hughes is using America’s calling as a beacon of hope to the world to demonstrates his ideal for America to truly be free and not simply as a saying. This is evident in the first stanza, which states â€Å"Let America be America again, Let it be the dream in used to be, let it be the pioneer on the plain, seeking a home where he himself is free. † The parenthesis between the stanzas is what is important, because it displays Hughes’s real opinion of America at that time, which was he doesn’t believe in America, and to him was never a beacon of hope or a land of liberty. He believes that America is tyrannical, oppressive, and discriminatory to him and his people. In the last stanza he also uses divisions of class and other races that are oppressed as reinforcement for his opinions of America. In the third stanza which states, â€Å"O, let my land be a land where Liberty is crowned with no false patriotic wreath, but opportunity is real, and life is free, Equality is in the air we breath. † It’s demonstrating Hughes’s desire for America to really be as it’s envisioned and not simply as it is portrayed (in the eyes of Hughes); equality should be as prevalent and available as air.

Best Buy Essay

The key factors that lead to Best Buy’s success include: Growth in the consumer electronics retail sector and the internet boom: Constant growth in the demand for consumer electronics has grown over the previous decades which has supported Best Buy’s successful turnout into the top consumer electronics store. The internet also played a significant role in increasing the sales of Best Buy as it had already ramped up its computer product offerings prior to 1995. The internet boom positively affected the consumer electronics industry in general. Knowledgeable sales staff: Best Buy’s salespeople did not work on commission which helped creating a low pressure shopping experience for the customers and built a consumer friendly environment. This also lead Best Buy to attract a well read sales force which would guide the customers to make the choices more customized to themselves and helped the buyers in decision making. Also merchandise was arranged by brand name instead of by price range. Both of these were unusual practices in the superstore industry but worked well for Best Buy. Focus on customer service (Geek Squad): Best Buy’s belief in offering outstanding customer service through product warranties, personal services and at-home delivery helped Best Buy to differentiate itself from other competitors in the space. This also helped Best Buy in gaining trust and building a strong customer base. Acquisition of the Geek Squad to service computers 24Ãâ€"7 differentiated Best Buy as an excellent product and service provider. Customer-Centricity: Target market segmentation by Best Buy’s Customer-Centric approach and extensive research and analysis of its customer base helps Best Buy in configuring its stores and training its work force to cater to the individual needs of its market segments which encourages customers to revisit for multiple purchases. Also the approach to customize the store at times in terms of some local requirements helps Best Buy in increasing its sales significantly. Risks going forward include increased competition from other retailers and wholesalers like Wal-Mart , Costco, Target etc who also have a very strong distribution network and customer base. Best Buy has to decide whether to spend money on its sales force and customization strategies or to compete in terms of price with these other retailers especially in this low margin growing industry. Best Buy also has to decide to enhance its online sales and product offerings in order to compete with the like of Amazon and Ebay in the online electronic sales market which is growing rapidly. Stores like Wal-Mart are growing tremendously fast in the retail segment and Best Buy has to compete with them in terms of opening new retail outlets as well. Another important risk Best Buy faces is investing in the international markets looking at the current economic scenario or to maintain strong hold in the local US market. . Looking forward Best Buy can compete against Wal-Mart and online companies in the following ways: Continuing to differentiate itself as an excellent customer oriented business Best Buy offers the latest technologies at its stores and to attract and hold customers who are technology savvy it is essential for Best Buy to dwell on its approach of customer service because in the space of advanced technology, nothing can replace the in store experience of actually intera cting with knowledgeable salespersons. Developing the online product offerings: Best Buy must also focus a little more on its online business in order to avoid being overtaken by Amazon and Ebay which are growing their business extensively. In order to keep up to its customer oriented approach, Best Buy must offer more detailed view of its product offerings than any other online competitor. It must increase its online product offering to a wider range and variety of products to grow in the online segment. Increase international presence: At the moment, Best Buy is majorly dependent on the local US market. The international markets are growing fast and competitors like Wal-Mart are growing their business wide, therefore Best Buy must increase its international presence quickly to avoid losing out to its competitors in the international markets and also in order to hedge the risk of being completely dependent on the US market. Also labor expenses being less in a number of international markets, Best Buy can afford to maintain its excellent customer service and enhance its brand value. SWOT Analysis for reference: Internal| Strengths| Weaknesses| 1. Strong market presence 2. Knowledgeable workforce 3. High quality technical support service 4. Strong financial performance 5. Financial resources to spend money on advertising ;amp; promotion, introducing new products. 6. Increased market share and strong brand presence. | 1. Low margins 2. High dependence on local (U. S) market. 3. High costs of maintaining stores and employees. | External| Opportunities| Threats| . Growing global computer and electronics retail sector 2. Customer centric operating model 3. Expansion in the international consumer electronics retail market. 4. Strong private brand potential. 5. Failure of competitors like Circuit City ;amp; CompUSA has opened gates to improve market share. 6. Online sales| 1. Rising competition from lower price outlets like Wal-Mart and Costco. 2. Online competitors like Amazon, Ebay. 3. Economic slowdown 4. Rising labor wages|

The social stability Essay Example

The social stability Essay Example The social stability Essay The social stability Essay Another scientific invention that has led to an outrage of violation of human values and morals is the concept of designer babies. The improvements in science have allowed us to change certain features of ours that we are unhappy with through plastic surgery. Since plastic surgery is allowed in most countries, we should take a step further and allow us to choose the features we want from the very start of life. It is ever parents dream to see their child grow up to be a charming, good-looking and smart person. The list of characteristics we wish the next generation to have is endless. Designer babies are able to fulfill every parents dream of choosing the gender, features and traits in their children. This would also lessen the occurrence of over-production of children for women in less developed countries due to the traditional mindset that having a son is better than a daughter. However, I believe that this is an atrocious claim to make. We are only encouraging the mindset of gender inequality and all sorts of discrimination by approving the notion of parents choosing the lives they want for their child instead of accepting them for who they are. As adults, those who want to alter their appearance through plastic surgery have made their individual decisions about it. A newborn does not have the chance to choose the features they want for themselves. Moreover, the concept of designer babies is similar to World War 1, when Adolf Hitler ordered the killing of those who are deemed inferior and encouraging elites of a society to reproduce. If we can disprove Hitlers actions as immoral, then designer babies are equally unethical as well. Hence, we can see yet again that science cannot be separated from ethical concerns. Ethics maintains the order in a society and keeps the social stability. With new scientific inventions and discoveries, ethical concerns are raised to prevent society from exploiting science at the expense of those who are unable to benefit from it. Euthanasia, for one, goes against the religious beliefs of those whose religion disagree with taking the life of another human being under any circumstances as they believe it is morally wrong to commit such an act, hence, ethical concerns are raised by these people regarding the usage of euthanasia brought about by science. Organ transplant places the poor at a disadvantage, going against the social responsibility of a society to take care of the disadvantaged, and hence, ethical concerns are brought up to question the morality of this science. Lastly, a designer baby is another scientific discovery that goes against our moral values as it promotes rejection of those deemed imperfect. Hence, science cannot be separated from ethical concerns.

Learn About Anaïs Nin, Novelist, Diarist

Learn About Anaà ¯s Nin, Novelist, Diarist Anais Nin was born Angela Anais Juana Antolina Rosa Edelmira Nin y Culmell in France on February 21, 1903 and died on January 14, 1977​. Her father was the composer Joaquin Nin, who grew up in Spain but was born in and returned to Cuba. Her mother, Rosa Culmell y Vigaraud, was of Cuban, French, and Danish ancestry. Anais Nin moved to the United States in 1914 after her father deserted the family. In the United States she attended Catholic schools, dropped out of school, worked as a model and dancer, and returned to Europe in 1923. Anais Nin studied psychoanalysis with Otto Rank and briefly practiced as a lay therapist in New York. She studied the theories of Carl Jung for a time as well. Finding it difficult to get her erotic stories published, Anais Nin helped found Siana Editions in France in 1935. By 1939 and the outbreak of World War II she returned to New York, where she became a figure in the Greenwich Village crowd. An obscure literary figure for most of her life, when her journals kept since 1931 began to be published in 1966, Anais Nin entered the public eye. The ten volumes of The Diary of Anaà ¯s Nin have remained popular. These are more than simple diaries; each volume has a theme, and were likely written with the intent that they later be published. Letters she exchanged with intimate friends, including Henry Miller, have also been published. The popularity of the diaries brought interest in her previously-published novels. The Delta of Venus and Little Birds, originally written in the 1940s, were published after her death (1977, 1979). Anais Nin is known, as well, for her lovers, who included Henry Miller, Edmund Wilson, Gore Vidal and Otto Rank. She was married to Hugh Guiler of New York who tolerated her affairs. She also entered into a second, bigamous marriage to Rupert Pole in California. She had the marriage annulled about the time she was achieving more widespread fame. She was living with Pole at the time of her death, and he saw to the publication of a new edition of her diaries, unexpurgated. The ideas of Anais Nin about masculine and feminine natures have influenced that part of the feminist movement known as difference feminism. She disassociated herself late in her life from the more political forms of feminism, believing that self-knowledge through journaling was the source of personal liberation. Partial Bibliography - By Anais Nin Celebration! with Anais Nin.Cities of the Interior.  Paperback. 1975.Collages.  Jean Varda, illustrator. Paperback. 1964.Delta of Love: Erotica.  Paperback. 1989.Fire: From a Journal of Love, the Unexpurgated Diary of Anais Nin, 1934-1937.  Paperback. 1996.The Four-Chambered Heart.  Paperback. 1974.Henry and June. Paperback. 199

Essay 1 com 3010 media analysis Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

1 com 3010 media analysis - Essay Example stand that the main focus is the international news and in this case it is about the US soldiers who had been held captive in Afghanistan being received by their families back home. President Obama is on the forefront in receiving the soldiers who had been held captive together with their families. It is easy to identify this story as the main story under attention due to the visuals. The picture of a Taliban sergeant is the most attractive and outstanding visual in both websites. The websites have managed to attract the audience’s attention by asking questions like, â€Å"who is Sgt. Bowe Bergdahl? This is for the case of CNN news (Hume). On the other hand, Fox news drops the bombshell and posts their top story as, â€Å"Taliban exchange POW for five Gitmo detainees† (OReilly). It is evident that these two posts are attractive and also synonymous by the fact of the picture of the Taliban Sgt. For the audience the main aim of reading this story would be to find out why this sergeant is so important that he is traded with five US soldiers? In addition to this, both websites have provided video links where audiences are able to watch the news live and follow it also on other social media like Facebook, Twitter and the rest. Besides that it is also important to note that both websites have all the other news ranging from sports, weather, market, and even entertainment. For example, both websites have their top focus in sport news related to the preparation of the FIFA World cup that is just about to start in Brazil. Most importantly to note is that these websites have got very little space to report on the local news. Most of the focus has been directed to international news happening all over the world. It is also worth noting that these websites have provided the audience with a chance to choose different languages which they feel suits them well. In addition to this, other links such as the radio live options have also been made available. Despite so many

Literature. Black American Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Literature. Black American - Essay Example In "I, Too" he makes it clear that the black man will sell or surrender his birthright to no one, for "I, too, sing America. . . .I, too, am America." The poem thus asserts the right of the black man to be heard, as it does the right of the black man to be given the respect due to a race that has known "ancient, dusky rivers", for, the soul of the black man is no shallow sieve but "has grown deep like the rivers." "Ballad of the Landlord" reminds the reader of Wole Soyinka's "Telephone Conversation", but Hughes' 'ballad' is somewhat darker in tone and manner than Soyinka's poem. In a rhythm that echoes black American speech rhythm as well as ballad meter, he sings: Although we do not hear the landlord's voice, we gather that the landlord reminds the tenant that he owes him ten bucks; and the tenant forcefully refuses to pay the amount "till you fix this house up new." We are given to understand that the landlord then threatens the tenant with eviction orders, telling him that he would turn off the heating and throw his furniture in the street. When the tenant then shakes his fist in the landlord's face, all hell breaks loose, and we are treated to the landlord's shrieks: Cle Police! Police! Come and get this man! He's trying to ruin the government And overturn the land! Clearly, things have got out of hand and we hear the "Copper's whistle", the "patrol bell" and the terse report, "Arrest. /Precinct Station./ Iron cell." The next day's newspapers complete the picture: "MAN THREATENS LANDLORD/ TENANT HELD NO BAIL/ JUDGE GIVES 90 DAYS IN COUNTY JAIL." The 'ballad' ends with absolutely no need to underscore the injustice of what was surely a routine affair not that long ago. This kind of discrimination was equally routinely doled out to others on the fringes of society, like gays and lesbians, and Hughes highlights their plight in "Cafe: 3 A.M." The poem is short enough to quote in full: Detectives from the vice squad with weary sadistic eyes spotting fairies. Degenerates, some folks say. But God, Nature, or somebody made them that way. Police lady or Lesbian over there Where The vice squad may appear weary, all right, but their defining streak is the combination of sadism and voyeurism in their makeup, which makes them prick their ears at the

History and Political Science Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

History and Political Science - Essay Example These two parties rose from the national politics before expanding to gain the support of the Americans and voters in the states. These political factions had different beliefs. The Federalist Party views the executive branch of the US government as the arm that requires more support while the democratic republican faction saw the executive as already a very strong arm of government and were therefore in support of the legislative power. The federalists appealed majorly to the business segment whereas the republicans solicited for the support of the planters and the farmers (Brands et al 278-281). The federalists rose to support the treasury financial system that concentrated on the federal assumption of debts, their payments, and a central national bank, which was to encourage the banking industry. For the republicans, their aim was to oppose the strong executive and was therefore formed to oppose the excesses of the executive. They criticized the treasury based financial system and were also against the hostile army. Consequently, the republicans were in favor of limited reading of the constitution that favored the executive branch of government. The two parties were also formed because of the diverse foreign policies. The federalists supported Britain because of its political stability whereas the republicans favored French revolution because Jefferson feared that British aristocratic sway would undermine them. The second party system came after the first party system between1828 to 1854 to champion for voter interest (Foner 52). A rising voter interests as exhibited by the high voters turn over, attendance in rallies and increasing party loyalty marked this period. The Democratic Party and Whig party were the major parties. The period can be described as a nationalization period as it intended to bring pluralism in the political history. The party system also aimed at creating democracy by championing for the interest of the common person especially in the Democratic Party (Brands et al 281-283). The vision of the leaders of ensuring democratization and pluralism was met by innumerable challenges. Resistance from various opponents was great, the resources required in mobilizing, and attracting the voters was enormous. Since the citizens were still not very politically agitated, it required greater efforts to have them participate in the nationalization process. Moreover, the splitting of parties challenged the vision of the leaders. For instance, the Democratic Party spilt leading to the rise of the Whig party. The leader’s divergent opinions and thoughts was a hindrance to the fight for democratization. The Whig party increased its command but later failed to take position on the issue of slavery. The leaders of the first party therefore lacked the ability to make choices on rising issues. The Whig party could therefore conduct successful campaign only if the issue of slavery was not put into consideration. Other factors that posted a challenge to the leaders were religion, slavery and nativism had to be reckoned with (Brands et al 282-284). Was the United States defined more by national or regional identities in the early nineteenth century (from the War of 1812 to the Age of Jackson)? How did that sense of identity shape the political landscape? In the early ninetieth century, America was knit together by certain national fundamental

Visual Analysis Essay Example for Free

Visual Analysis Essay During the Hellenistic period Greek art experienced a transformation. Sculptors broke away from the previous representations of the human body and learned to use contrapposto, or counterpoise, to portray the people in a more natural way, revealing an individual’s character through the work. The Bronze Statuette of a Veiled and Masked Dance is a Hellenistic sculpture currently located at the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York. It was made between the third and second century B. C. in Alexandria, Egypt, and displays the skill of an unknown sculptor who portrays a female citizen of his city. Artworks are always communicating something, and by using Dr. Terry Barrett’s method of analysis and interpretation one can deeply analyze and interpret this work of art for his or herself. The subject matter of this sculpture is a woman caught in a moment of dramatic dance. Even though she is completely covered her body movements are clearly visible. Her right hip is thrusting to the side, foot pointing outward, while her arms sway forward and she throws a backward glance. She is finely draped from head to toe in a long, heavy looking dress and large veil that she directs with her arms. There is also a thin mask covering her face and lace detail on her slipper. It is made from bronze and stands 8 1/16th in. tall (20. 57 cm). Although this work is small, it was created to be viewed in-the-round, so one can move their body through space, essentially dancing around the piece while their eyes curve around the dancer’s garments, led by the lines created through the folds of the fabric. Value is also established through depth in the bronze folds of the clothing. This is a realistic representation of a female entertainer that was popular in ancient Alexandria. One may establish an idea from this piece about the roles and lifestyle of women within the culture of these people. Women in this society were captivating and worthy of being subjects in works of beautiful art. There is a strong presence given by the boldly moving body surrounded by such detailed drapery. The use of contrapposto, one leg jutting out straight while the other is bent, a twisted torso and turned head, makes her movements seem lifelike. A viewer could feel engaged and intrigued by witnessing this woman’s dance, and the sculptor captured that sentiment in this moment exactly. It was most likely a decoration for someone’s home.

Political Dilemmas and the Theories of the German Idealists :: Politics Political Science Papers

Does the Solution to our Present Moral and Political Dilemmas Lie in the Theories of the German Idealists? ABSTRACT: In the wake of the postmodernist onslaught one thing is certain: morality is in crisis. Where are we to look for answers? Perhaps to the German idealists—that is, to their bold synthesis of right and freedom. This paper seeks to bring the timely issue of absolute freedom and the possibility of its total realization back into ethical-political discussion. Through a close comparison of the theories of Fichte and Hegel via a critique of the former by the latter, I show that the antidote to many of our political, moral and theological distresses may well be found in Hegel’s concept of the State and Sittlichkeit-i.e., truly understood as the realization of absolute freedom, or the "We that is I." In the wake of the postmodernist onslaught one thing is certain: morality is in crisis. Where are we to look for answers? Perhaps to the German idealists.—That is, to their bold synthesis of right and freedom. This paper seeks to bring the timely issue of absolute freedom and the possibility of its total realization in today's world back into the center of ethical-political discussion. Through a close comparison of the theories of Fichte and Hegel via a critique of the former by the latter, I hope to show that the antidote to the bulk of our political, moral and theological distresses may well be found in Hegel's concept of the State and Sittlichkeit—i.e., truly understood. Namely, as the realization of absolute freedom, or the "We that is I." In a recent interview, Derrida was asked the following question: "We are . . . in a period of highly perfected, nearly consummate nihilism. Everyone is waiting to know where we are going, toward what should we be moving ourselves. Toward what does work such as yours lead?" Derrida responded: "I don't know. . . . I have no message."(1) In the wake of the postmodernist onslaught—or charade—one thing is certain: morality is in crisis. Where are we to look for answers? Perhaps to the German idealists—and to their bold synthesis of right and freedom. This paper seeks to bring the timely issue of absolute freedom and the possibility of its total realization in today's world back into the center of ethical-political discussion. Through a critical comparison of the theories of Fichte and Hegel I hope to show that the antidote to the bulk of our political, moral and theological distresses may well be found in Hegel’s concept of the State and Sittlichkeit—as truly understood.

Bare Esentuals in Bangkok

Executive Summary Bare Escentuals, Inc. is an innovative cosmetic company in the United States and the leader in mineral-based cosmetics. They sell not only in the United States, but also internationally in four other countries: UK, Japan, France, Germany, and Canada. However, we are seeking to expand into the Southeast Asia region; specifically, Bangkok, Thailand. The country is considered to be an emerging economy in the take-off stage. The cosmetic market in Thailand is rapidly growing and new entrants are beginning to recognize the opportunity for a growing market share within the region. Within the city, there are a few brand name cosmetic leaders, but none with a mineral-based product. Bare Escentuals hopes to fill the gap in the market with a new type of lightweight mineral-based powder which is in high demand. Thai culture is driven by the all-natural, eco-friendly perspective and we believe our mineral-based cosmetics company will offer a highly-differentiated, healthy, and lightweight product. We feel that our line of powders will best suite this market. The Company utilizes a distinctive marketing strategy and multi-channel distribution model to develop, market, and sell cosmetics, skin care, and body care products under its bareMinerals, RareMinerals, and namesake Bare Escentuals brands. Introduction Since the introduction of Bare Escentuals in the public sector, sales have steadily grown reaching 556 million in 2008. With sales expected to sustain current growth, we have decided to enter a new foreign market in Southeast Asia, beginning in January of 2010 by introducing our product line during the peak of tourist season in Bangkok, Thailand. We have experienced much success in our other foreign markets, and we believe Bangkok is the best city for our product line to continue its strong growth. As this market grows, other investment opportunities could bring us to openings in other major Southeast Asian cities such as Chiang Mai, Phuket, and maybe Singapore. We offer a healthy and lightweight alternative to conventional cosmetics while providing light to maximum coverage for all skin types resulting in broad-based appeal to women of all ages. At Bare Escentuals, we believe that our multi-channel, integrated business strategy enables us to build brand awareness and increase consumer loyalty by providing the best makeup experience possible. Cultural Analysis Religion Bangkok’s primary religion is Buddhism, accounting for 96% of the population. Beautiful temples are all over the city, and it is not uncommon to see monks walking around downtown early in the morning. It is a part of their everyday life, and our company must understand the importance of their religious traditions. Thais believe that supporting the order of monks, or Sangha, brings one closer to Buddhist ideals, and increases the likelihood of better life beyond this one. They make regular offerings to local monasteries as acts of merit-making. Each of the temples in Bangkok is unique, having its own architecture, history, and spiritual importance. Most people visit the temples early in the morning. Insight into their religion allows the company to take certain character traits into consideration when advertising, marketing and promoting the Bare Escentuals product in Bangkok {draw:frame} Language Thai is the country’s national language. It is confusing to many tourists because it utilizes the Khmer script and is spoken tonally. Many westerners focus on speaking Thai, whereas taking the time to learn Thai script would be more beneficial to understanding the basic foundation of the language. The reason for the confusion is that various reference materials written about the language each use a different phonetic spelling with the western alphabet. It is sometimes difficult to see the connection between the letters with multiple sources of information. Foreigners are usually allowed more leeway, since the effort to speakingThai is widely appreciated. Family Life Cultural Values Thais place a strong emphasis on ensuring that everyone has good time, no matter where they are. This emphasis is also common in the workplace. Emotions play a very strong role in their society, which leads one to assume it plays an even stronger role in their decision making. Thais prefer to avoid stressful, personal confrontations or anything unpleasant. They usually make a conscious effort to ensure their feel-good emotions are reserved. The priority which Thais give to their emotional state is perhaps one of the main features of their society that has made the country a rather special place in the hearts of many foreigners over recent years. The Thai enthusiasm for sanuk, or having a good time, is infectious and is a cultural aspect often envied by visitors to Thailand, as it encourages people to listen more often to their feelings, rather than their hea ds. In contrast, most Western societies encourage and reward the use of rational values in the decision-making of their people. Consumer Habits We must know how our customers shop, socialize, entertain, and of course purchase products. Most of Bangkok’s residents prefer to shops in local malls, which house many floors with almost anything one could imagine. In order to reach our target market, we must understand the habits which influence buyer behavior in the region. â€Å"The youth market is critical not only to marketers marketing youth targeted products, but also all consumer products. Building brand awareness in youth is a mainstay for many large consumer products and services. Companies such as Bare Escentuals, who wish to build brand loyalty not only now but for the future, must look towards this market with enthusiasm. Building brand loyalty has the largest potential with the youth market. Certainly the youth market controls a still increasing proportion of disposable income throughout most developed and developing countries in Asia. Entry level salaries are increasing from very low levels in years past, and many middle to upper-class parents are extremely generous with allowances to their children. Thai youth attitudes are affected by the same Buddhist religious and national culture that pervades Thailand generally. In comparison to Chinese Buddhism and Confucianism, this culture encourages individualism, youthful idealism and tolerance and respect for divergent views. It also shares the respect for age and family. At the same time however, it is conservative- embracing change very slowly. Hospitality As a culture in general, Thais go out of their way to make others feel at home and comfortable. Their selflessness is evident in their friendships, too. For example, it is common for the wealthier friend to pay for the bill when having dinner or drinks. When conducting business in Bangkok, our representatives must know the ranks of all employees so as to address each one properly with the correct gestures. It is very important when conducting business with Thailand to show respect. Thais address each other by their given names, preceded by Khun, and reserve family names for formal occasions. In formal situations, foreigners may address Thais by using â€Å"Mr. ,† â€Å"Mrs. ,† or â€Å"Miss† with the given or family names. {draw:frame} The City Bangkok is not only the capital of Thailand but is both the region’s and the country’s major transportation hub. It has one of the most efficient airports in Asia, not the most modern, but very large. The city also has three bus terminals and a centrally located train station. An elevated rail line opened in 1999 to make all parts of the city accessible. Bangkok has a terrific infrastructure to support our business and the delivery of our product to the end consumer. Numerous multinational corporations base their regional headquarters in Bangkok, making it a regional force in finance and business. Its increasing influence on global politics, culture, fashion, and entertainment underlines its status as a global city. In 2009, it was the second most expensive city in South-East Asiabehind Singapore. † The city's wealth of cultural landmarks and attractions in addition to its notorious entertainment venues has made it synonymous with exoticism. The large percentage o f wealthy citizens within the city is due to its rapid modernization, which is often seen in the cityscape and the urban society. Bangkok draws in 11 million international visitors each year, trailing just Paris and London. Bangkok has a population of approximately 6,355,144 residents while the greater Bangkok area has a population of 11,971,000 (January 2008). The capital is part of the heavily urbanized triangle of central and eastern Thailand which stretches from along Bangkok to the heavily Industrialized Eastern Seaboard. Bangkok borders six other provinces: Nonthaburi, , , , and ; all five join to become the Bangkok Metropolitan Area. Political System {draw:frame} Joint Ventures Government Social Programs and Health Care Thailand has an excellent medical care system, with most medical personnel speaking fluent English, as many were trained overseas. One of the larger hospitals with an English-speaking staff is Bumrungrat Medical Center and Hospital. It offers 24-hour emergency room care and ambulance service. Economic Description With a well-developed infrastructure, a free-enterprise economy, and generally pro-investment policies, Thailand was one of East Asia's best performers from 2002-04, averaging more than 6% annual real GDP growth. However, overall economic growth has fallen sharply- averaging 4. 9% from 2005 to 2007- as persistent political crisis stalled infrastructure mega-projects, eroded investor and consumer confidence, and damaged the country's international image. The growth rate fell to 2. 6% in 2008. Exports were the key economic driver as foreign investment and consumer demand stalled. Export growth from January 2005 to November 2008 averaged 17. 5% annually. Business uncertainty escalated, however, following the September 2006 coup when the military-installed government imposed capital controls and considered far-reaching changes to foreign investment rules and other business legislation. Although controversial capital controls have since been lifted and business rules largely remain unchanged, investor sentiment has not recovered. Moreover, the 2008 global financial crisis further darkened Thailand's economic horizon. Population The population of Thailand is 65,905,410. It is the 20th largest in the world. Exchange Rate The official currency used in Thailand is the baht. It is considered a stable currency whose rate is based on the US dollar. Exchange rates are best at banks and authorized money changers. The baht per US dollar is 33. 37 (2008 est. ), 34. 52 (2007), 37. 882 (2006), 40. 22 (2005), 40. 222 (2004). So over the past five years the baht has been gaining value over the US dollar. Inflation Rate The estimated inflation rate for Thailand in 2008 was 5. 5%. GDP per capita $8,400 (2008 est. ) {draw:frame} {draw:frame} Labor Force Transportation Modes The automobile is the most common form of transportation used by Thais; however, taxis are commonly used because of their great value. The starting fares are 35 baht or $1. 17 US dollars for the first three kilometers and 5 baht or $0. 16 US dollars for every additional kilometer. This is considered to be a great value and is great for not only Bangkok locals, but even for foreigners. Motorcycle taxis are also very common in Bangkok particularly because of common traffic jams. Because of their small size they are the fastest way to navigate through traffic jams. The drivers of the motorcycle taxis can be easily spotted by their bright-colored vests and helmets that are worn by both, the driver and the passenger. Because motorcycle taxis do not have meters, fares are agreed on before take-off. The metro is another mode of transportation that is commonly used in Bangkok, but is more commonly used to travel around the whole country. It is almost like an underground, tunnel enclosed railroad on which trains are able to travel through. The metro is most commonly used by those who have to travel long distances from one Thailand city to another. Fares are based upon distance traveled. Real Estate Foreign Investment Thailand’s government maintains an open, market-oriented economy and encourages foreign direct investment as a means of promoting economic development, employment and technology transfer. Foreign investment in Thailand significantly influenced the buoyant economic growth of the last 15 years, spurring Thailand’s transformation from an agriculture-based economy, to one balanced with industry and manufacturing. International Trade Statistics Thailand's exports were $174. 8 billion (2008 est. ), up from $150 billion (2007 est. ). Thailand's imports were $157. 3 billion (2008 est. ), up from $124. 5 billion (2007 est. ). Their highest-valued imported products were capital goods, intermediate goods and raw materials, consumer goods, and fuels. Trade Regulations Import duties are generally levied on any imported goods before releasing them from the custody of Customs; except for goods receiving specific privilege that qualifies according to the law. If they receive these privileges, then the duty will either be reduced or be taken off completely. An importer has only three types of duties to pay before the imported goods are released from the custody of Customs: Customs Import Duties with an ad valorem rate Excise Tax for Excise Department and Interior Tax Value Added Tax (VAT) for the Revenue Department There are six duty rates for imported goods, excluding vehicles which have special rates. These duty rates are as follows: Duty rate is 0% for goods that government policy provides not to collect duties Duty rate is 1% for raw materials Duty rate is 5% for primary products and capital goods Duty rate is 10% for intermediate products Duty rate is 20% for finished products Duty rate is 30% for government protected goods All duties shall be levied in accordance with the provisions of Thai Customs Law and the Law on Customs Tariff. Payment of duties shall be made to the Competent Officer at the time of passing the entry. Duties can be paid either by cash or check. Checks must be drawn on the Bank of Thailand but certified checks from other commercial banks will be accepted. Duties or acceptable guarantee must be paid to Customs prior to the examination of the goods. Our duty rate is 20% and will be paid on the profit which we make within Bangkok. If we request a clearance of goods subject to a dispute, such goods can be released either by: Paying the maximum rate of duty and reserving the right to settle the dispute at a later time or Paying the amount of duty declared together with an additional amount covering the maximum payable duty as a guarantee â€Å"In valuing any imported goods for duty assessment, Thai Customs uses the True Market Value principle for such purpose. True Market Value of the goods is defined as the wholesale cash price (exclusive of duty in the case of imports), for which goods of the like kind and quality would be sold without loss at the time and place of importation or exportation, as the case may be, without any deduction or abatement. † For the vast majority of imports, the CIF invoiced price is accepted. However, in some exceptional cases, the value is established by reference to the maximum prices of the goods of a like kind and quality brought into the country in a previous limited period, generally not more than three months for finished goods. Trade Regulations (cont’d) â€Å"As the GATT Customs Valuation Code is now being increasingly adopted by many trading nations for uniform and neutral valuation of goods as well as prohibiting arbitrary or fictitious Customs value,† Thai Customs realizes this necessity and is proceeding towards adoption of this Code. Importers or agents authorized by importers and approved by Customs must comply with the Customs laws and other customs related laws. Importers or agents must pay the full amount of duties and taxes or deposited cash security. Import entry has to be made quadruplicate, accompanied with supporting documents as follows: Invoice Packing list Bill of lading/airway bill Import license (if any) Foreign transaction Form 2 if an import value exceeds 500,000 Baht Other documents (if any) e. g. Form D The cosmetic industry, 446120, is definitely a mature industry, and many of its leaders have been producing quality cosmetics for almost a hundred years. Many of those who are leading the cosmetics industry are oil or cream- based foundations and powders. The Bare Escentualsproducts are mineral-based powders and are made from all natural products. Their powders reach a new market of women, those who are looking for alternative, more natural makeup products. By finding a niche in the market, our company believes in that expanding into the international market will lead to faster growth rates and greater profit margins. With every new market entry, we must realize that the cosmetic industry is different in other regions of the world, especially in Southeast Asia, where our company will open a new store in Bangkok, Thailand. SWOT Analysis Main Competitors Elizabeth Arden Estee Lauder L'Oreal cosmetics. They all have been in business for nearly 200 years combined. With many years of experience comes an elite, high end, and loyal clientele that has been accrued over the many years of operation. These are the biggest threats to the success of Bare Escentuals mainly because of a few points that provides them with a slight competitive advantage in certain geographical areas. These large cosmetic corporations are able to satisfy the desires of so many of their customers mainly because of the large scale of which they operate on. Their demand is driven by the economic conditions of each country they do business transactions in. Although confronted by three of the primetime players of the cosmetic industry, Bare Escentuals still holds their own by maintaining a competitive edge through an alternate way of conducting business. One thing that Bare Escentuals pride themselves on is how readily available their products are made, thanks primarily to the numerous ways in which their customers may accommodate their products. Another edge that Bare Escentuals maintain over the larger companies is how conveniently priced the majority of their products are. Not only can they place a comparable product of their own directly across from your top cosmetic producers such as Elizabeth Arden, but they definitely have the upper hand when it comes to the final price tag. By aggressively pricing their products, they force the entire industry to accommodate in order to maintain a clientele that could change at the drop of a hat in the economy that we find ourselves in today. Elizabeth Arden, Inc. Elizabeth Arden goods are sold in over 90 countries worldwide, with major markets in the United States and Europe and have been a world leader in the cosmetics industry since the 1920s. Strengths: Strong celebrity backing from celebrities such as Mariah Carey, Hilary Duff, and Britney Spears Wide variety of cosmetics Strong growth prospects Weaknesses: Poorly performing retail stores world-wide Steady narrowing customer base Declining market share and profits Opportunities: New business strategy acquisition New product line launches Revamping of customer orientation with hopes to regain market share Threats: More price conscious competitors in the global market Consumer preference Increased competition Counterfeit goods Declining global market Estee Lauder Bringing the best to everyone we touch. † â€Å"By â€Å"the best†, we mean the best products, the best people and the best ideas. These three pillars have been the hallmarks of our Company since it was founded by Mrs. Estee Lauder in 1946. They remain the foundation upon which we continue to build our success today. â€Å"- Estee Lauder’s Mission Statement. Strengths: High-end prestige cosme tics Innovation of new and ingenious products World class marketing strategies to prevent their household products from cannibalizing one another Wide international presence Strong research and development teams Efficient use of all resources Strong growth prospects Weaknesses: Reliance of few customers Diminishing market share Poor reaction to increased competition and global economic change Opportunities: Keeping current customers Reaching new customers (i. e. the teen market) Continuing to grow globally Threats: Increased size of market and level of competition Poor reaction to foreign laws during global business transactions U. S. economic slowdown is halting business around the world L'Oreal This company is a global powerhouse that markets over 500 brands and more than 2,000 products in various sectors of the beauty business. Such products included hair colors, permanents, styling aids, body and skincare, cleansers and fragrances. Indeed, the L’Oreal Group has reached the peak that all cosmetic brands are seeking after. Strengths: Percentage penetration of fragrances and some cosmetics High brand loyalty Customer base that is willing to try new and innovative products Large amounts of resources to spend as far as market analysis, development, and advertising Wearing these premium cosmetics give off an indulgent feel High prices also lead to high profit margins Wide availability of products Weaknesses: Peak sales tend to be very seasonal with severe drop-offs depending upon the time of year or special event in a specific country Decentralized organizational structure can make control very difficult for all employees Opportunities: Direct concentration on the fastest growing fields in the beauty industry (one of which just happens to be cosmetics) Benefiting from increasingly ageing and affluent population in more developed countries, including Bangkok Concentrating on emerging markets mainly because emerging markets is where a large percent of your global economic growth may occur Threats: Increased number of competitors in the industry with comparable products which may also be more price friendly Economic downturn that is quite evident in other countries Spending habits of consumer and the economic crunch that most countries are experiencing Bare Escentuals Since 1976, Bare Escentuals has focused on using only the finest ingredients in their products to insure a new level of customer satisfaction without having to break the seal of their clientele’s wallets. Bare Escentuals, Inc. s one of the fastest growing prestige cosmetic companies in the United States and a leader in mineral-based cosmetics. The Company utilizes a distinctive marketing strategy and multi-channel distribution model to develop, market, and sell cosmetics, skin care, and body care products under its bareMinerals, RareMinerals, and namesake Bare Escentuals brands, and professional skin care products through infomercials, home shopping television, specialty beauty retailers, company-owned bout iques, spas and salons, and online shopping. Strengths: Inexpensive when compared to competition Well formulated to provide the best results for all end users Makes use of all their resources Convenient location and distribution Award winning products for just about every sub-class in the cosmetic industry Weaknesses: Use of many resources trying to convert customers Smaller clientele base Reliance of certain channels of distribution Limited coverage area Opportunities: Newest entry into the Global market Rapid growth in new areas of Tourism Declining customer service from competitors may lead to increased customer base Capitalization of innovative technology that may provide a competitive edge Threats: Economic downturn and inability to adapt to consumer buying habits Instability within the country and the political environment Demand for product Greater competitive growth stream than your own Market Analysis The overall growth potential for the cosmetic market during the 2006-2008 is expected to grow between 15-20%. Superior quality, international branded cosmetic products are expected to do better due to good brand image, brand loyalty, and perception of good quality. Products from the US lead the import market. Meanwhile competition from France, Japan, the United Kingdom, and Germany is getting stronger. Hair care and makeup products maintained single digit growth, while skin care and perfume showed better growth at 17 and 15 percent. The product lines of problem-solving cosmetic have good growth potential. These include products such as anti-wrinkle cream, anti-aging facial cream, whitening facial and body lotion. More cosmetic products especially designed for men are becoming popular. Thailand remains a strong manufacturer and exporter of shampoos and other hair care products, color cosmetic and skin care products. Health and Beauty Health and beauty are taken seriously by Thai women. Thai women are known for their beauty all over the world. Therefore, Thailand cosmetics manufacturers are in great demand. Thailand's cosmetics market has experienced a huge improvement over the years following an apparent change in women's behavior, with cosmetics now being seen as a luxury. {draw:frame} Political and Legal Forces There are many political and legal forces that companies must understand. Regulations in labor, pricing, supply chain and consumer protection all have a part in governing our industry. Political and legal forces influence the stability of the business environment. It is an external force that has impacts no one business can avoid, but only can adapt to it. When the government suddenly alters taxation policies, it creates an unfavorable effect of increased taxes and results in prices of goods and services increasing. When the prices of goods and services increase, the cost of production in the business will increase. Laws Make sure the company is aware of all licensing requirements and the requirements of applicable import and export control laws Make sure the company observes all privacy and data protection laws and regulations of other countries and authorities Paying bribes to government officials is not allowed, even if the bribes are common practice To enter into an agreement with an agent (or a department store, in our case) that relates to business outside the US, it has to be approved by Bare Escentuals. {draw:frame} Target Market We want to target two different populations which consist of middle-class women ranging from 15-64 years of age and also the Katheoy population in Bangkok. Thailand has a very high percentage female population with something over 70%. Kathoey or katoey generally refers to a male-to-female transgender person or an effeminate gay male in Thailand. Ladyboy is the term used in English conversations with Thais. Kathoeys are often identified at a young age, and are considered to be â€Å"born that way. † They spend a lot, both in terms of money and time, to appear as beautiful as possible. As a matter of fact, some of these ladyboys or the katoey are so beautiful that they are objects of envy for many women as well. Within that 70% of the Thai population being women, there are a high number of guys who, it might be said, are on the edge. They are male, but with a strong sense and feel of being and wanting to be female. Mission Statement The mission of this company is to make you look and feel your absolute best. Our objective is to provide you with a flawless look, giving your skin a healthy and improved condition and appearance. We help you discover your inner and outer beauty. We are committed to providing and supplying the most creative and innovative mineral-based cosmetics. We provide luxurious skin and body care products that perfectly indulges the complexion and enhances the quality of life for you. By focusing on only the finest natural ingredients and developing pampering formulas that soothe, nourish, and protect, this revolutionary line will take the concept of natural beauty to a whole new level. Marketing Plan Product Bare Escentuals, Inc. is one of the innovative cosmetic companies in the United States and the leader in mineral-based cosmetics. The first Bare Escentuals boutique opened its doors in 1976. Their all-natural and eco friendly approach with their minerals line, which was the first of its kind to launch in the industry, uses ground-up, earth-mined minerals and high percentages of botanical essences. This revolutionary makeup is the perfect mix of makeup and skincare. We will be starting out by putting our starter kit in a store, which consists of 4 powders and 4 brushes. This will give people a taste of the Bare Escentuals brand. This will be the starting point and we may further expand depending on the response of our Bangkok target market. BareMinerals Cosmetics: Is free of preservatives, talc, oil, fragrance and other potential skin irritants Is free of fillers and binders Is weightless Provides adjustable coverage-from light to full Will improve the condition of the skin over time All ages and skin types can benefit from bareMinerals, especially those concerned with skin sensitivities, allergies, scars, blemishes, rosacea, wrinkles and pigmentation. The foundation provides impeccable coverage for every skin type and skin tone, and also protects with a natural SPF 15 broad spectrum UVA/UVB protection. Makeup options are very limited for women in Bangkok, so bringing in not only a new makeup option but a revolutionary one at that should have a great response. Most woman want pale skin and need some sort of protection from sunlight in order to maintain a light skin complexion. Our product has SPF 15 built into the makeup itself which would prevent their skin from getting damaged and making their skin darker than they would want it. Also, the humid weather that is common in Bangkok makes normal makeup run off the face and requires one to completely redo their makeup. Our mineral makeup is soaked into the skin when applied and is made to withstand humid conditions and all day wear. Overall, our product provides women with not only a makeup, but a makeup that actually cares for their skin’s health. Pricing When pricing our product we are going to be using psychological pricing. Price has a psychological value. Buyers will buy a higher priced product because they believe that the high price is a good indicator of value. Their perception is not reality based, it is psychologically based, and therefore buyer behavior is affected by more than the product and price tangibles. Psychological pricing is based on factors such as signals of product quality, popular price points, and what the consumer perceives to be fair. Our product is a high end line of makeup and is considered to be a luxury good. It also is a new type of makeup for Bangkok and therefore they do not have a lot of other makeup to compare it to. For this reason, psychological pricing in combination with marketing and placement of our product, we create a certain worth for our product that gives our market an idea of the high quality and uniqueness of our cosmetics. The price of our product will be based on what our target market psychologically sees it as being worth through all of these things and in comparison with other prices of international cosmetics. We will be using a Revenue Maximization pricing strategy for our starter kit. We are seeking to maximize current revenue with less emphasis on profit margins. The underlying objective is to maximize long term profits by increasing market share and lowering costs. Thailand’s monetary unit is the Baht. 1 US dollar is equal to about 33. 37Baht. We are planning to sell our product for 59. 95 which is equal to about 1998. 3 Baht. The women of Thailand are willing to pay around 600 Baht for a tube of designer lipstick, which is around 20 US dollars. Also, usually a compact of makeup is approximately 1350 Baht which is around 45 US dollars. Our product includes 4 powders and 4 brushes, which more than accounts for the price we charge in comparison to other cosmetics. Also, our product is som ething that is new and very popular. International cosmetics are very popular in Thailand as they do not have a wide variety of makeup locally and they are not of very good quality. Breakdown of Pricing (per unit): Cost of Product : $15. 00 Logistics: $5. 00 Marketing: $10. 00 Total Cost: $30. 00 Retail Price of Product: $59. 95 Potential Profit: $29. 95 As you can see from our breakdown of pricing, we should be able to make a profit from the sale of this product. The cost of the actual product is relatively low and although marketing is a big cost for us it is well worth it and needed for the launch of this product in Bangkok because it is not currently sold there. Overall this should be a rather profitable operation. Promotion We plan on promoting and advertising our product through the use of magazines, billboards, tradeshows, and the internet. One of the main ways of advertisement in Bangkok is with magazines. We plan on placing ads in several of the major magazines like Elle Thailand and Narak, which is actually an online magazine in Bangkok. This will place our product in popular magazines so that people will be able to read a little about our product in order to get them curious enough to then come and try it out in stores. Also placement of our product’s advertisements in some of Bangkok’s most popular magazines will relate our products to what is â€Å"in† and in turn make people wonder what our products are all about. Also, we will advertise through the use of billboards in order to grab people’s attention and to draw them in to learn more about our brand. Mainly our product will shine when people are able to see our product in person where someone can show them how it actually works, but with the billboards we will get the bareMinerals name out there. Since this is most likely the first time many of these people have seen or heard about our product, our first step is just to get people to start asking questions and wanting to know more about us and our products. draw:frame} Though advertising through billboards and magazines will be part of promoting our product, one of the main ways we plan on getting our product out there is by having our product in one of the most well known cosmetic trade shows around Asia. In-Cosmetics has been at the forefront of the Asian cosmetics industry. Rotating between Malaysia, Indonesia, The Philippines, Korea, Thailand and Chine and attracting visitors from 59 different countries, the show has enabled many suppliers and buyers from across the continent to meet face to face. For this reason, In-cosmetics Asia is the perfect platform to help us launch and promote to a captive audience from throughout the region of Asia. There are many exhibitors that will be showing world known top quality brands of perfumes, cosmetics, hair care, skin care, toiletries, salon and spa products and equipment. In-Cosmetics Asia is the leading scientific, business and networking trade event for personal care ingredients in Asia. They rotate the region annually, and the show attracts finished product manufacturers keen to meet international ingredients exhibitors and features highly popular educational seminars. This tradeshow will get us in with some of the best cosmetics in Asia along with some very influential people and companies. This part of our promotion is what could give us that jump start along with a good outlet to possibly expand our business more later on in other parts of Asia. The tradeshow that In-cosmetics held in Singapore last year was attended by 2,202 qualified visitors. These are people who can get the bareMinerals name out there and have it be known by people in Asia, along with possibly wanting to put our product in a store near them. To further help us, this year’s In-cosmetics tradeshow will be held in Bangkok, Thailand. This will put us in the perfect position for us to be in because our product should be in The Emporium by then and the tradeshow will be in town for everyone to really learn about our product. It will be a big exposure event for us. {draw:frame} {draw:frame} Placement {draw:frame} We are planning to be located in Bangkok, Thailand which is a key point on round-the-world air routes. It is the political, commercial, cultural, and transportation center of the country, with the only port that can accommodate oceangoing vessels. Specifically our product will be placed in The Emporium Department Store located in The Emporium of Bangkok. It is home to top local and international brands, local and visiting celebrities, and also Kateoy or â€Å"ladyboy† beauty consultants along with high society shoppers. The Emporium is like a polished magazine come to life. It has seven layers of shopper’s paradise, where the first three floors are dedicated solely to world-class, international designer fashions. The Emporium Department Store is a classic among malls of its kind, featuring deluxe fashion brands like Chanel. There is also a never ending Beauty Hall with porcelain faced experts who will consult and help customers like no other. The Beauty Hall is specifically where we will be located in the Department Store. In this space our product will have experts that will be able to show and tell customers what our mineral makeup is and how it works. This mall attracts our target market and will be the perfect outlet to sell our product from. The Emporium Department Store’s Beauty Hall draws in people who are looking for higher end international brands of makeup and are looking for that one-on-one help that this area offers. With this location we will be able to show people how to use and apply our makeup and show them the benefits while they are in the store. This location in itself will aide to the sales of our makeup especially because it is a new product, so many people may not know what it is or how exactly it works. By having a location that has personnel on hand just to help customers with the product we will be able to further spread the word of this new product to Bangkok’s women. Logistics Bare Escentuals, Inc. already has some global exposure in countries such as the US, UK, Japan, France, Germany, and Canada. They are able to deliver their cosmetic products through various distributors; however, wholesale distribution will be the only mean of distribution in Bangkok, Thailand. Due to Bare Escentuals’ company resources; it would be too costly to design a department within the company that would take care of making sure our products would arrive to their Bangkok retail destinations. Instead, a much more cost-effective and reliable option was chosen. Bare Escentuals will be outsourcing their full logistics strategy to APL Logistics, Ltd. APL Logistics offers a wide range of logistic services that include international logistic services. They also have a 250,000 sq. ft. facility located in Bangkok. From this facility, APL Logistics is able to warehouse and distribute products to retailers in the area. Almost half of APL Logistics’ operations come from transporting consumer products to retailers. It is evident that APL Logistics will provide Bare Escentuals with all of our logistic needs. APL Logistics will take our cosmetic products from the US, ship them overseas to Thailand, store them in their local Bangkok warehouse, and distribute our cosmetics products to local retailers of our choice. {draw:frame} Sales, net For our sales, net, we recognize total Bangkok’s population to be 11M with 70. 5% being between 15-64 years old, 35. 6% being women, and 54% considered to be middle-to-upper class. That gives us a total of 1,490,821 as our target market. However, not every single person in our target market will buy our product. We assume that about half of our target market (745,411) will buy our product. If our products cost each person $59. 95, our total sales would reach 44,687,389. However, returns are calculated in our sales, net. We assume that about 25% of our buyers will return our product. That leaves us with total sales, net of 33,515,542. We do not want to make more products than we expect to sell, but we also do not want to make fewer products than we expect to sell. Therefore, a median of 1,118,116 products will be made. Assuming that to make one product it costs us $15. Therefore, our cost of goods sold in Thailand is 16,771,740. Our gross profit is our sales, net minus our cost of goods sold. Selling, General, and Administrative Expense Our selling, general, and administrative costs include third-party fulfillment costs by APL Logistics, research and development costs, legal costs, and advertising costs. Budgets for all the following categories are as follows: 5,000,000, 500,000, 30,000, and 5,000,000 respectively. Depreciation and Amortization Bare Escentuals will not have to buy neither property nor equipment to operate in Thailand. Therefore, neither depreciation nor amortization related to Thailand’s operations will be recognized. Although our new operation in Thailand, may increase stock-based compensation in the US, no stock-based compensation in issued on the international level. No company restructuring will occur for our operation in Thailand to exist. Our operating income comes from our gross profit less all expenses incurred. Interest Expense All of our Thailand’s operations will be funded by Bare Escentuals. Therefore, no interest expenses will be incurred for our Thailand operations. No current debt has been recognized and no debt will be incurred to operate in Thailand. Other Income, net Other income, net decreases is attributable to foreign currency transaction losses resulting from fluctuations in the value of the US dollar as compared to certain foreign currencies. Income B*efore* Provision of Income Taxes Provision of Income Taxes Thailand has 20% duty tax for finished goods that are brought into Thailand that we need to expense for. The 20% tax is taken from income before provision of income taxes. Net Income Net income comes from income before provision of income taxes minus provision of income taxes. Action Plan Marketing Strategy Marketing Objectives Increase product awareness among our target market Inform target market about the benefits of our product and its competitive advantage Decrease or remove potential customers' resistance to buying our product by promoting awareness on how mineral-based cosmetics are better than oil-based cosmetics Goal In the first five years of operation in Bangkok, Bare Escentuals’ hopes to reach at least 25% of our target market. Strategy Implementation TV advertising Print advertising Promote and demonstrate our product at health and beauty tradeshows Because consumers are frequently hesitant about buying a product they know little about, gaining the consumer’s confidence is crucial. We will create a marketing campaign that emphasizes the quality and value of our product while showcasing the benefits of using an all-natural product. We plan to carry out this plan in the beginning of the year with an advertising budget of $5 million. Potential Results Worst case scenario: 0% of our target market or 447,246 people will buy our product at $59. 95 Our cost of goods sold and expenses would be $27,301,740 Even before reaching net income on the financial statement, we have a deficit balance that would prevent us from further business transactions Regular case scenario: If the return of the product remained at 25%, about 186,353 buyers would return our product We would have an operating income of $6,213,802 E ven after reaching net income on the financial statement, we would have a sufficient operating income to continue to operate Best Case Scenario: 0% of our target market or 894,493 people will buy our product at $59. 95 If the return of the product remained at 25%, about 223,623 buyers would return our product Our cost of goods sold and expenses will be $27,301,740 We would have an high operating income of $12,916,901 Even after reaching net income on the financial statement, we would have a superior operating income that would allow us to continue to operate and perhaps start looking at other possible international markets Contingency Plan Bare Escentuals, Inc. ill expand into other foreign markets if we successfully sustain the growth in Thailand as we have in the United States. With careful consideration, we will focus on emerging markets for expansion. We need to look at cost and timing of expansion, economic climate, culture issues, and cash flow of our company. Our company will do ongoing research and rely on solid market analysis in maintaining sales and growth in these markets. If we see that we are not generating revenue or meeting our full potential in Thailand, we will better position ourselves successfully in the market. We will cut advertising costs, conduct research surveys, and focus groups to better determine the needs of our current target market. If we fail to sustain sales and increase market share, then we will be forced to stop selling our product at the Emporium in Bangkok. Though we have suffered a loss, we could develop new marketing strategies and put our focus on other foreign markets. 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